Systems-Level Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery Opportunities from Natural Gas Compressor Stations in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 3618-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Tavakkoli ◽  
Omkar R. Lokare ◽  
Radisav D. Vidic ◽  
Vikas Khanna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Level Analysis

Vaporization of LNG Using Fired Heaters With Waste Heat Recovery

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rosetta ◽  
D. H. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pipe Line

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is an important component in meeting the future energy needs of the United States and other industrialized countries. The ability to locate (produce), process, liquefy, transport, and re-gasify stranded natural gas is vital to maintaining a stable long-term natural gas supply necessary for sustained economic growth [1]. Two of the key components in this supply chain are the vaporization of the LNG at the import terminal and the peak shaver trains that liquefy pipe line natural gas, store it and then vaporize the liquid to feed the gas to the pipe line when additional flow is required. This paper outlines a novel approach incorporating a traditional fired heater with waste heat recovery to vaporize LNG at an import terminal or peak shaver train while maintaining a high thermal efficiency. A comparison is made between the new technology and more conventional methods, with emphasis on emissions. Some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the design and implementation of these systems are explored in this presentation. As a fundamental cannon of ethics, engineers are obligated to address the most efficient and responsible use of resources. The environmental impact of supplying the necessary natural gas energy to industry and consumers is significant. This paper addresses these aspects as considered during the development of the alternative LNG vaporization technology.

scholarly journals Energy and Exergy Analysis of Different Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery Systems for Natural Gas Engine Based on ORC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Valencia ◽  
Armando Fontalvo ◽  
Yulineth Cardenas ◽  
Jorge Duarte ◽  
Cesar Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis ◽  
Net Power Output

One way to increase overall natural gas engine efficiency is to transform exhaust waste heat into useful energy by means of a bottoming cycle. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising technology to convert medium and low grade waste heat into mechanical power and electricity. This paper presents an energy and exergy analysis of three ORC-Waste heat recovery configurations by using an intermediate thermal oil circuit: Simple ORC (SORC), ORC with Recuperator (RORC) and ORC with Double Pressure (DORC), and Cyclohexane, Toluene and Acetone have been proposed as working fluids. An energy and exergy thermodynamic model is proposed to evaluate each configuration performance, while available exhaust thermal energy variation under different engine loads was determined through an experimentally validated mathematical model. Additionally, the effect of evaportating pressure on net power output , absolute thermal efficiency increase, absolute specific fuel consumption decrease, overall energy conversion efficiency, and component exergy destruction is also investigated. Results evidence an improvement in operational performance for heat recovery through RORC with Toluene at an evaporation pressure of 3.4 MPa, achieving 146.25 kW of net power output, 11.58% of overall conversion efficiency, 28.4% of ORC thermal efficiency, and an specific fuel consumption reduction of 7.67% at a 1482 rpm engine speed, a 120.2 L/min natural gas Flow, 1.784 lambda, and 1758.77 kW mechanical engine power.

A New Energy Frugal Paradigm for Data Centers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne B. Little ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy

Of the total electricity consumption by the United States in 2006, more than 1% was used on data centers alone; a value that continues to rise rapidly. Of the total amount of electricity a data center consumes, at least 30% is used to cool server equipment. The present study conceptualizes and analyzes a novel paradigm consisting of integrated power, cooling, and waste heat recovery and upgrade systems that considerably lowers the energy footprint of data centers. Thus, on-site power generation equipment is used to supply primary electricity needs of the data center. The microturbine-derived waste heat is recovered to run an absorption chiller that supplies the entire cooling load of the data center, essentially providing the requisite cooling without any additional expenditure of primary energy. Furthermore, the waste heat rejected by the data center itself is boosted to a higher temperature with a heat transformer, with the upgraded thermal stream serving as an additional output of the data center with no additional electrical power input. Such upgraded heat can be used for district heating applications in neighboring residential buildings, or as process heat for commercial end uses such as laundries, hospitals and restaurants. With such a system, the primary energy usage of the data center as a whole can be reduced by about 23 percent while still addressing the high-flux cooling loads, in addition to providing a new income stream through the sales of upgraded thermal energy. Given the large and fast-escalating energy consumption patterns of data centers, this novel, integrated approach to electricity and cooling supply, and waste heat recovery and upgrade will substantially reduce primary energy consumption for this important end use worldwide.

scholarly journals Energy and Exergy Analysis of Different Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery Systems for Natural Gas Engine Based on ORC

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Valencia ◽  
Armando Fontalvo ◽  
Yulineth Cárdenas ◽  
Jorge Duarte ◽  
Cesar Isaza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Net Power Output

Waste heat recovery (WHR) from exhaust gases in natural gas engines improves the overall conversion efficiency. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has emerged as a promising technology to convert medium and low-grade waste heat into mechanical power and electricity. This paper presents the energy and exergy analyses of three ORC–WHR configurations that use a coupling thermal oil circuit. A simple ORC (SORC), an ORC with a recuperator (RORC), and an ORC with double-pressure (DORC) configuration are considered; cyclohexane, toluene, and acetone are simulated as ORC working fluids. Energy and exergy thermodynamic balances are employed to evaluate each configuration performance, while the available exhaust thermal energy variation under different engine loads is determined through an experimentally validated mathematical model. In addition, the effect of evaporating pressure on the net power output, thermal efficiency increase, specific fuel consumption, overall energy conversion efficiency, and exergy destruction is also investigated. The comparative analysis of natural gas engine performance indicators integrated with ORC configurations present evidence that RORC with toluene improves the operational performance by achieving a net power output of 146.25 kW, an overall conversion efficiency of 11.58%, an ORC thermal efficiency of 28.4%, and a specific fuel consumption reduction of 7.67% at a 1482 rpm engine speed, a 120.2 L/min natural gas flow, 1.784 lambda, and 1758.77 kW of mechanical engine power.

scholarly journals Simulation Techniques for Design and Control of a Waste Heat Recovery System in Marine Natural Gas Propulsion Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Altosole ◽  
Ugo Campora ◽  
Silvia Donnarumma ◽  
Raphael Zaccone
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Steam Plant ◽  
Correct Design

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) marine systems represent a valid solution for the ship energy efficiency improvement, especially in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion applications. Compared to traditional diesel fuel oil, a better thermal power can be recovered from the exhaust gas produced by a LNG-fueled engine. Therefore, steam surplus production may be used to feed a turbogenerator in order to increase the ship electric energy availability without additional fuel consumption. However, a correct design procedure of the WHR steam plant is fundamental for proper feasibility analysis, and from this point of view, numerical simulation techniques can be a very powerful tool. In this work, the WHR steam plant modeling is presented paying attention to the simulation approach developed for the steam turbine and its governor dynamics. Starting from a nonlinear system representing the whole dynamic behavior, the turbogenerator model is linearized to carry out a proper synthesis analysis of the controller, in order to comply with specific performance requirements of the power grid. For the considered case study, simulation results confirm the validity of the developed approach, aimed to test the correct design of the whole system in proper working dynamic conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Saturated and Superheated Steam Plants for Waste-Heat Recovery of Dual-Fuel Marine Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Marco Altosole ◽  
Giovanni Benvenuto ◽  
Raphael Zaccone ◽  
Ugo Campora
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

From the working data of a dual-fuel marine engine, in this paper, we optimized and compared two waste-heat-recovery single-pressure steam plants—the first characterized by a saturated-steam Rankine cycle, the other by a superheated-steam cycle–using suitably developed simulation models. The objective was to improve the recovered heat from the considered engine, running with both heavy fuel oil and natural gas. The comparison was carried out on the basis of energetic and exergetic considerations, concerning various aspects such as the thermodynamic performance of the heat-recovery steam generator and the efficiency of the Rankine cycle and of the combined dual-fuel-engine–waste-heat-recovery plant. Other important issues were also considered in the comparison, particularly the dimensions and weights of the steam generator as a whole and of its components (economizer, evaporator, superheater) in relation to the exchanged thermal powers. We present the comparison results for different engine working conditions and fuel typology (heavy fuel oil or natural gas).

Colorado Community Benefits From Installing Waste Heat Recovery System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Strehler ◽  
Scott Vandenburgh ◽  
Dave Parry ◽  
Tim Rynders
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Heat Recovery System

The Town of Avon Colorado and the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District have partnered to design, construct, and operate a mechanical “Community Heat Recovery System” which extracts low-grade waste heat from treated wastewater and delivers this heat for beneficial use. Immediate uses include heating of the community swimming pool, melting snow and ice on high pedestrian areas in an urban redevelopment zone in order to improve pedestrian safety, and space heating for project buildings and an adjacent water plant pump station building. Points of use are located within one mile of the treatment plant. The initial system is sized to extract heat from 170 m3/hr (1.08 mgd) of wastewater plant effluent with a 298 kW (400 hp) heat pump. The heat pump will deliver 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy to the heat recovery system. A supplemental natural gas boiler provided to meet peak demands will provide an additional 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy. The system is expandable allowing the installation of a second heat pump in the future and roof-mounted solar thermal panels. Power for the waste heat recovery system is provided by wind-generated electricity purchased from the local electric utility. The use of wind power with an electric-powered heat pump enables the agencies to fulfill energy needs while also reducing the carbon footprint. The system will achieve a reduction in the temperature of the treated wastewater, which is currently discharged to the Eagle River during low river flow, fish-sensitive periods. The agencies expect to save tax payers and rate payers money as a result of this project as compared to other alternatives or the status quo because it results in a more sustainable long-term operation. At 2008 utility commodities pricing, delivery of heat generated from this system was estimated to cost about one-third less than that from a conventional natural gas boiler system. This facility is the first of its kind in the U.S. and received a “New Energy Community” grant from the State of Colorado. This project shows how local agencies can work cooperatively for mutual benefit to provide infrastructure which accommodates growth and urban renewal and simultaneously demonstrate strong environmental leadership. The potential application of this technology is broad and global. The installed system is expected to cost about $5,000,000; construction will be completed in 2010.

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