Rice flour as a heat insulator for learning media for students with special needs

The objective of this study was to determine the use of rice flour as a heat insulator for learning media for students with special needs. Experiments were done method by testing rice flour placed on the wall that heat radiated by bulb lamp with various intensities (i.e. 8, 10, and 12 W). The results showed that rice flour is a good heat insulator. This is confirmed by the test results using thermocouple tools showing a decrease in temperature of the insulator testing toolbox. The rice flour caused the heat from the lamp inside the box to be restrained from spreading out completely. The concept of heat radiation and the change of heat adsorbed by rice flour was explained, which can be further developed for learning media for students with special needs. The results of this study are expected to facilitate teachers in providing understanding to students in understanding the occurrence of heat insulators, especially for students with special needs.

Tapioca flour as a heat insulator for learning media for students with hearing impairments

The objective of this study was to determine the use of tapioca flour as a heat insulator for learning media for students with hearing impairments. Experiments were done method by testing tapioca flour placed on the wall that heat radiated by bulb lamp with various intensities (i.e. 8, 10, and 12 W). The results showed that tapioca flour is a good heat insulator. This is confirmed by the test results using thermocouple tools showing a decrease in temperature of the insulator testing toolbox. The tapioca flour caused the heat from the lamp inside the box to be restrained from spreading out completely. The concept of heat radiation and the change of heat adsorbed by tapioca flour was explained, which can be further developed for learning media for students with hearing impairment. The results of this study are expected to facilitate teachers in providing understanding to students in understanding the occurrence of heat insulators, especially for students with hearing impairments.

Advances in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resins for High Thermal Conductivity

Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most famous thermoset materials. In general, because EP has a three-dimensional random network, it possesses thermal properties similar to those of a typical heat insulator. Recently, there has been substantial interest in controlling the network structure of EP to create new functionalities. Indeed, the modified EP, represented as liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE), is considered promising for producing novel functionalities, which cannot be obtained from conventional EPs, by replacing the random network structure with an oriented one. In this paper, we review the current progress in the field of LCEs and their application to highly thermally conductive composite materials.

Study of suspension systems for experimental tanks of the USSR in the second half of the 20th century

Modern pneumohydraulic suspension systems for high-speed tracked vehicles have fairly typical versions of kinematic schemes, implying the installation of an elastic-damping element directly on the suspension housing (inside or outside). This solution is structurally relatively simple, and it is understood that it allows to reduce the values of unsprung masses. Other options, with placement of elastic and damping elements inside the guide elements (balancers), did not “take root” due to the greater structural complexity of both elastic or damping element and the suspension guide element. In addition to the structural complexity of implementation, such a solution increases the values of unsprung masses and, most importantly, complicates the organization of the cooling system. The protruding elements of the chassis are clogged with soil, snow (mud) when driving, which acts as a heat insulator. Nevertheless, with modern technological capabilities, these difficulties can be over-come to a certain extent, in whole or in part. However, despite the above disadvantages, this solution also has important advantages: the sus-pension does not take up space in the reserved volume, but is completely inside the tracked bypass, which allows using the housing volume more efficiently, and, in addition, providing the most suc-cessful bottom design for protection from mine detonation (in the case of a heavy tank “Object 279”, this also made it possible to significantly increase the cross-country ability). This article provides an overview of Soviet prototypes of heavy and rocket tanks, which suspen-sion system was implemented in the guide element. The article also presents a method for determin-ing the power and kinematic transfer functions for these suspension options, analyzes the design implementations and shows that the characteristics of the elastic elements of experimental vehicles meet modern requirements for the suspensions of high-speed tracked vehicles.

Thermal Chamber for Adhesives Creep Multi-Station Testing Machine

Adhesives have been used in a wide range of industries, due to their good proprieties when compared with traditional joining methods. Therefore, manufacturers and researchers have been making an effort to study these materials and their characteristics.The main goal of the Advance Joining Processes Unit (AJPU) of FEUP/INEGI is to study and evaluate different types of adhesives under different conditions. One equipment available at the AJPU is a creep testing machine with three independent working stations. As the creep tests must be performed under controlled temperature, the implementation of a thermal chamber was required.This paper describes the design of a thermal chamber for the existing creep testing machine. The chamber needs to be capable of operating between -100 and 200 ºC and have a low temperature gradient. The first step was to design a heat insulator for each upper rod of the creep testing machine, in order to limit the temperature at the load cells to service values.Subsequently, the concept of the chamber was developed. The design decisions with influence on the thermal efficiency of the chamber were supported analytically. The structure, insulation, control and automation projects of the chamber are presented in detail.

Some Reasons for the Violation of the Intumescent Coatings Quality

The coke foam formed from the intumescent paint at the beginning of the fire effect is a good heat insulator and allows to protect the building structure elements from critical heating (from 500 °C) for some time. However, violations of technology on the real object can cause coking defects. And an insufficiently accurate assessment of the quality of the intumescent coating and foam in the laboratory can endanger the fire hazard of an object at risk. There are oversimplifications, limitations, and uncertainties in the existing laboratory procedures for testing fire-retardant properties of the intumescent paints. In this regard, many problems arise. The main property of the intumescent paint is tested under the influence of fire, that is, after the formation of the coke foam. Therefore, the fire test should be carried out only after the coating is completely ready at the facility. Аlso the area of the test coating should be significantly larger (20–80 cm2) than that of laboratory samples, since the functioning of paint and foam in real conditions is somewhat different. Additional study is required of the number of properties and behavior of intumescent paints that are capable to cause hidden defects in the original coating and foam. The authors highlight two main factors that cause hidden defects: incorrect choice of the thickness of the intumescent paint layer and excessive dilution of it before applying. Currently, the regulatory documentation does not regulate such important properties of the coke foam as the density and thickness of the layer, which determine the structure fire safety. An important task of future research is to find the ways to quickly identify violations of paint manufacturing and application technology, which lead to a critical deterioration in the properties of the future coke foam. The ultimate goal of the study of the methodology of fire protection, the authors see in the development of a comprehensive technique for detecting hidden defects when testing fire-retardant properties directly at the object, at large areas of fire-retardant coating (20–80 cm2), with the subsequent restoration of this area if the intumescent paint passed the test.

Laboratory Studies of the Heat-Insulating Properties of the Panels that Made of Recycled Rubber

This study examines the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material. Abstract: This study discusses the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material.

Multifunctional Smart Ball Sensor for Wireless Structural Health Monitoring in a Fire Situation

A variety of sensor systems have been developed to monitor the structural health status of buildings and infrastructures. However, most sensor systems for structural health monitoring (SHM) are difficult to use in extreme conditions, such as a fire situation, because of their vulnerability to high temperature and physical shocks, as well as time-consuming installation process. Here, we present a smart ball sensor (SBS) that can be immediately installed on surfaces of structures, stably measure vital SHM data in real time and wirelessly transmit the data in a high-temperature fire situation. The smart ball sensor mainly consists of sensor and data transmission module, heat insulator and adhesive module. With the integrated device configuration, the SBS can be strongly attached to the target surface with maximum adhesion force of 233.7-N and stably detect acceleration and temperature of the structure without damaging the key modules of the systems even at high temperatures of up to 500 °C while ensuring wireless transmission of the data. Field tests for a model pre-engineered building (PEB) structure demonstrate the validity of the smart ball sensor as an instantly deployable, high-temperature SHM system. This SBS can be used for SHM of a wider variety of structures and buildings beyond PEB structures.