Prediction of Optimal Conditions in the Methanolysis of Mustard Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Cost-Effective Mg-Solid Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (51) ◽  
pp. 19681-19689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Chakraborty ◽  
Sukamal Das ◽  
Piasy Pradhan ◽  
Punam Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solid Catalysts

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Biodiesel Production Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8135
Author(s):  
Haris Mahmood Khan ◽  
Tanveer Iqbal ◽  
M. A. Mujtaba ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Ibham Veza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Speed Up

As a promising renewable fuel, biodiesel has gained worldwide attention to replace fossil-derived mineral diesel due to the threats concerning the depletion of fossil reserves and ecological constraints. Biodiesel production via transesterification involves using homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysts to speed up the reaction. The usage of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts are considered more advantageous and cost-effective. Therefore, several heterogeneous catalysts have been developed from variable sources to make the overall production process economical. After achieving optimum performance of these catalysts and chemical processes, the research has been directed in other perspectives, such as the application of non-conventional methods such as microwave, ultrasonic, plasma heating etc, aiming to enhance the efficiency of the overall process. This mini review is targeted to focus on the research carried out up to this date on microwave-supported heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production. It discusses the phenomenon of microwave heating, synthesis techniques for heterogeneous catalysts, microwave mediated transesterification reaction using solid catalysts, special thermal effects of microwaves and parametric optimisation under microwave heating. The review shows that using microwave technology on the heterogeneously catalysed transesterification process greatly decreases reaction times (5–60 min) while maintaining or improving catalytic activity (>90%) when compared to traditional heating.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Sa’ed A Musmar ◽  
Faryal Kabir ◽  
Iram Batool ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale.

ChemInform Abstract: Solid Catalysts and Their Application in Biodiesel Production

ChemInform ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (49) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Rubyatul A. Samsudin ◽  
Mahadhir Mohamed ◽  
Anwar Johari
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Catalysts

scholarly journals Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Microalgal Oil—A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Mohammed O. Faruque ◽  
Shaikh A. Razzak ◽  
Mohammad M. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Homogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Microalgal Oil ◽  
Solid Catalysts

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increased environmental concerns related to fossil fuel production and combustion has forced the global communities to search for renewable fuels. In this regard, microalgae-based biodiesel has been considered as one of the interesting alternatives. Biodiesel production from the cultivation of microalgae is eco-friendly and sustainable. Moreover, microalgae have several advantages over other bioenergy sources, including their good photosynthetic capacity and faster growth rates. The productivity of microalgae per unit land area is also significantly higher than that of terrestrial plants. The produced microalgae biomass is rich with high quality lipids, which can be converted into biodiesel by transesterification reactions. Generally, the transesterification reactions are carried out in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. The homogeneous catalysts have many disadvantages, including their single use, slow reaction rate and saponification issues due to the presence of fatty acids in the feedstock. The acidic nature of the homogeneous catalysts also causes equipment corrosion. On the other hand, the heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages, including their reusability, higher reaction rate and selectivity, easy product/catalyst separation and low cost. Due to these facts, the development of solid phase transesterification catalysts have been receiving growing interest. The present review is focused on the use of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from microalgal oil as a reliable feedstock with a comparison to other available feedstocks. It also highlights optimal reaction conditions for maximum biodiesel yields, reusability of the solid catalysts, cost, and environmental impact. The superior lipid content of microalgae and the efficient concurrent esterification and transesterification of the solid acid−base catalysts can offer new advancements in biodiesel production.

Biodiesel Production Using Mixed Solid Catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
A.K. Temu
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Astm D6751

One of the disadvantages of homogeneous base catalysts in biodiesel production is that they cannot be reused or regenerated because they are consumed in the reaction. Besides, homogeneous catalysed process is not environmentally friendly because a lot of waste water is produced in the separation step. Unlike homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign, can be reused and regenerated, and could be operated in continuous processes, thus providing a promising option for biodiesel production. This paper presents catalytic activity of single and mixed solid catalysts in production of biodiesel from palm oil using methanol as well as ethanol at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts used are CaO, K2CO3, Al2O3, and CaO/K2CO3, CaO/Al2O3, K2CO3/Al2O3 mixtures. Results show that methanol is a better reactant with biodiesel yield ranging from 48 to 96.5% while ethanol gives yields ranging from 20 to 95.2%. The yield data for single catalysts range from 20 to 89.2% while that for mixed catalysts range from 52 to 96.5% indicating improvement in the activity by mixing the catalysts. The study also shows that biodiesel yield increases with catalyst loading which emphasizes the need for sufficient number of active sites. The properties of biodiesel produced compares well with ASTM D6751 and EN 14124 biodiesel standards.

Effect of EGR on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a CI Engine Fuelled with Waste Chicken Fat Biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1481-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar Gurusala ◽  
Richu Zachariah ◽  
Mozhi Selvan V. Arul
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
On The Road

Ever increasing demand and consequent rise in prices of petroleum products, stringent emission standards, the exponential depletion rate of fossil fuel reserves and escalation in the number of vehicles on the road have forced us to look for alternatives to meet the present and future demands of the energy requirements. Biodiesel production from waste oils and fats are cost effective methods which prevent the environmental pollution by proper disposal techniques. In this study, biodiesel was prepared from the waste effect chicken fat using the two stage esterification process. The present investigation deals with the cold exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with the flow rates of 10, 20, 30% on a four stroke, single cylinder, direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with waste chicken fat biodiesel blends to reduce the NOxemissions of the engine. Experimental results showed higher oxides of nitrogen emissions when fueled with waste chicken fat biodiesel without EGR and found reduced NOxemissions about 25% when operating with B20 fuel blend with 30% EGR. The EGR level was optimized as 20% based on the significant reduction in NOx emissions, minimum possible smoke, CO, HC emissions and comparable brake thermal efficiency.

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