Chemical Recovery from Pulp-Mill Waste Liquor

The extraction of information from tabular data is not a natural task for human beings, which is worse when dealing with high dimensional systems. On the other hand, graphical representations make the understanding easier by exploring the human capacity of processing visual information. Such representations can be used for many purposes, e.g., complex systems structuring which contributes to a better understanding of it. This paper constructs a cause-effect map relating the influence of each input process variable on the steam generated by a boiler. The real case study is based on the operations of a chemical recovery boiler of a Kraft pulp mill in Brazil. The map is obtained by two steps, namely the identification of a neural predictive model for the steam and a study of sensitivity analysis. The numerical results are then depicted in a graphical format using a cause-effect map. This representation highlights the relative importance of the predictor variables to the steam generation. The results, in agreement with the literature, show the higher contribution of the heat released during the fuel burning, and the lower influence of both the fuel temperature and the operating variables associated with the primary level of injection of the combustion air.

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Reproductive Steroid Responses in Fish Exposed to Pulp Mill Condensates: An Investigation of Cause Case Study

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2010.020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 163-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽

Craig Milestone ◽

Kevin S. Shaughnessy ◽

Andrew M. Belknap ◽

Monique G. Dubé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Chemical Recovery ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Evaluation Approach ◽

Identification Evaluation ◽

Active Substances

Abstract An investigation of cause (IOC) approach integrating artificial stream exposures and laboratory bioassays has been used to identify waste stream sources of contaminants at the Irving Pulp & Paper Ltd. mill, in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Chemical recovery condensates have shown the greatest potential for reducing circulating steroids in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species. A solid phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed to isolate hormonally active substances from the condensates, and a toxicity identification evaluation approach was used to gain a better understanding of the chemical characteristics of the active substances. Extracts were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the fractions were used in a seven-day bioassay. Dose-response experiments indicated that steroid reductions in male mummichog were observed consistently after a 4% (vol/vol) exposure. At 4% (vol/vol), however, steroid reductions were not observed in fractions of the active SPE extract generated by HPLC. Some fractions actually induced increases in plasma testosterone. Recent work has focused on understanding what methodologies must be used to handle the semivolatile condensates to ensure 100% chemical recovery and retention of biological activity. Results are summarized in the context of developing an industry-wide IOC framework.

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Fluidized Bed Technology in the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0006 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M S Salkinoja-Salonen ◽

R Hakulinen ◽

L Silakoski ◽

J Apajalahti ◽

V Backström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Forest Industry ◽

Thermomechanical Pulp ◽

Fluidised Bed ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Thermomechanical Pulping ◽

Mill Waste

The reasons for studying anaerobic fluidised bed technology for the treatment of forest industry wastewaters are twofold: the very large volume enforcing hydraulic loading beyond the limits tolerated by conventional anaerobic techniques and the low nutrient need compared with aerobic methods. In this paper we describe the results obtained for four different pulp mill waste streams: sulfite bleaching and evaporator condensate wastewaters , wastewater from displacement bleaching of kraft pulp and from thermomechanical pulping. We found that all four could be purified anaerobically within a hydraulic detention time of ≤12h and with a treatment efficiency of 3 to 4 kg of CODCr removed m−3 d−1. 80 to 90% of the CODCr of the thermomechanical pulp mill wastewater and evaporator condensate could be removed during anaerobic treatment, yielding ≥0.5m3 of biogas kg−1 CODCr removed. The bleaching wastewaters needed aerobic post-treatment and yielded little or no biogas.

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The Effects of Final Treated Effluent and In-Mill Waste Streams from a Canadian Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Mill on Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Reproduction

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2009.034 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 333-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thijs Bosker ◽

L. Mark Hewitt ◽

Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽

Steven D. Melvin ◽

Deborah L. MacLatchy

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Thermomechanical Pulp ◽

Fish Reproduction ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Gonad Size ◽

Mill Waste

Abstract The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design.

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COMPOUNDS TOXIC TO FISH IN PULP MILL WASTE STREAMS

Eighth International Conference on Water Pollution Research ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-020902-9.50114-0 ◽

1978 ◽

pp. 787-798

Author(s):

J.M. Leach ◽

A.N. Thakore

Keyword(s):

Pulp Mill ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Mill Waste

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Improving pulp yield for integrated southern hardwood kraft mills—significance and impact on chemical recovery, steam and power generation, and bleaching

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.2.41 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 41-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JOHN D. ANDREWS ◽

PETER W. HART

Keyword(s):

Pulp Mill ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Chemical Recovery ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Cost Implications ◽

The Impact

Researchers have been attempting to improve the yield of bleachable-grade kraft pulp for several decades. Wood is typically one of the major costs associated with kraft pulping. Therefore, it is typically assumed that improving pulp yield or conversely, reducing the amount of wood required to make a specific mass of pulp, is a cost-effective, lucrative endeavor. Although this may be true, it is important to understand the impact of increasing pulp yield on the interconnected processes within an integrated pulp and paper mill and to fully evaluate the cost implications on these processes. The current work employed several sets of laboratory pulping conditions and a WinGEMS model of a pulp mill, fully integrated with chemical recovery, power, and recausticization, and pulp drying islands to determine where the largest cost impact associated with improved pulp yield may be experienced.

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An activity-based cost calculation for a kraft pulp mill

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj11.9.19 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

HEIKKI KORPUNEN ◽

PEKKA VIRTANEN ◽

OLLI DAHL ◽

PAULA JYLHÄ ◽

JORI UUSITALO

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Production Costs ◽

Chemical Recovery ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Oxygen Delignification ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill

This study introduces an activity-based costing (ABC) method for a kraft pulp mill. Our ABC model defines the production resources and costs for each process in a chemical pulp mill and allocates the costs to pulp, energy, bark, turpentine, and crude tall oil. The production processes include receiving, unloading and debarking of pulpwood, chipping, chip screening, chip storing, cooking and in-digester washing, pulp washing and screening, oxygen delignification, bleaching, drying, and chemical recovery. We also tested the effect of Scots pine pulpwood properties on the profitability of a virtual greenfield pulp mill located in Finland, where it produced 600000 air-dried (a.d.) metric tons of bleached market pulp annually. Total annual production costs were approximately EUR 216 million (USD 285 million), of which chemical recovery comprised the biggest share (almost 39%). According to the results, the price of market pulp had the most significant effect on the profitability of the mill. The pulpwood properties did not clearly affect pulp production costs; the wood procurement costs had more influence on the profitability of the value chain. Our results also indicate that the profitability of pulp making is strongly dependent on the prices of electricity and heat. This is because the mill is customer and seller in energy markets. ABC proved to be a useful tool and accurate method for cost calculation in this highly competitive branch of the forest industry.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Paenibacillus glucanolyticus with the Ability To Degrade Lignocellulose

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00423-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephanie L. Mathews ◽

Joel Pawlak ◽

Amy M. Grunden

Keyword(s):

Draft Genome ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Mill Waste

Paenibacillus glucanolyticus 5162, a bacterium isolated from soil, and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus SLM1, a bacterium isolated from pulp mill waste, can utilize cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as sole carbon sources for growth. These two strains of Paenibacillus glucanolyticus were sequenced using PacBio and Illumina MiSeq technologies.

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