Comparative Production of Active Nitrogen from Nitrogen, Nitric Oxide and Ammonia, and from Nitrogen at Different Discharge Potentials

1956 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1100-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Armstrong ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Active Nitrogen

THE KINETICS OF THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ETHYLENE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Levy ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Cobalt Catalysts ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Kinetics Of

A comparison has been made of five methods for terminating the reaction of active nitrogen with ethylene in the temperature range 295° to 673° K. These were based on deactivating the active nitrogen by low-temperature trapping, by addition of nitric oxide, and by passing it over copper oxide or cobalt catalysts. With the nitric oxide and cobalt catalyst techniques, which appeared to be the most reliable of those used, an activation energy of 400 ± 200 cal/mole, with a P factor of about 10−5, have been determined for the reaction.

scholarly journals A chemically active modification of nitrogen, produced by the electric discharge.—VI

1915 ◽  
Vol 91 (628) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Considerable Controversy

1. Effect of Catalysts in Promoting the Formation of Active Nitrogen . There has been considerable controversy on the question of whether or not pure nitrogen would give the afterglow, which, as I have shown in the previous papers of this series, is associated with the presence of chemically active nitrogen. E. P Lewis was disposed to think that the presence of oxygen or nitric oxide was essential, but in a much later paper, though still inclined to the same opinion, he states that the afterglow continually increased in intensity as the proportion of oxygen was reduced.

NITRIC OXIDE DECOMPOSITION INDUCED BY EXCITED NITROGEN MOLECULES IN ACTIVE NITROGEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1747-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Wright ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitric Oxide Decomposition ◽  
Oxide Decomposition ◽  
Excited Nitrogen

THE REACTION OF NITROGEN ATOMS WITH OXYGEN ATOMS IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN MOLECULES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mavroyannis ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Reaction Tube ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

The reaction has been studied in a fast-flow system by introducing nitric oxide in the gas stream with excess active nitrogen. The nitrogen atom consumption was determined by titrating active nitrogen with nitric oxide at different positions along the reaction tube. The rate constant is found to be k1 = 1.83(± 0.2) × 1015 cc2 mole−2 sec−1 at pressures of 3, 3.5, and 4 mm, and with an unheated reaction tube.The homogeneous and surface decay of nitrogen atoms involved in the above system were studied using the nitric oxide titration method, and the rate constants were found to be k3 = 1.04 ± 0.17 × 1016 cc2 mole−2 sec−1, and k4 = 2.5 ± 0.2 sec−1 (γ = 7.5 ± 0.6 × 10–5), respectively, over the range of pressures from 0.5 to 4 mm with an unheated reaction tube.

Kinetics of the reactions of active nitrogen with oxygen and with nitric oxide

1961 ◽  
Vol 261 (1305) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Molecular Constants ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Fast Flow

The rate of decay of nitrogen atoms in a fast-flow system in the presence of oxygen has been studied between 412 and 755°K. Nitrogen atom concentrations were estimated by titration with nitric oxide. The slow primary step can be represented by N + O 2 = NO + O, (1) while the much more rapid secondary reaction (2) removes the nitric oxide formed in reaction (1) N + NO = N 2 + O. (2) Reaction (1) was found to be first order in both nitrogen atom and oxygen molecule concentrations, and k 1 could be represented by the expression k 1 = 8.3 x 10 12 exp (— 7100/ RT ) cm 3 mole -1 s -1 between 412 and 755 °K. Under conditions of large oxygen flow rates and at high temperatures the air afterglow continuum was observed with low but easily measurable intensity in the gaseous products of reaction of oxygen with active nitrogen. Both nitric oxide and oxygen atoms are therefore present, and not all the nitric oxide formed in reaction (1) is consumed in reaction (2). These nitric oxide concentrations were determined by measuring the intensity of the air afterglow with a photomultiplier cell, which was calibrated by observation of the increase in the air afterglow intensity when known quantities of nitric oxide were added between the first mixing point and the photomultiplier. In this way a value of k 2 = 3.0 x 10 13 exp( — 200/ RT ) cm 3 mole -1 s -1 was determined. The mean value of k 2 between 476 and 755 °K was 2.5 x 10 13 cm 3 mole -1 s -1 , and was practically independent of temperature over this range, corresponding to a reaction occurring at about one sixth of the bimolecular collision frequency. It can be shown that both reactions (1) and (2) are expected to proceed through transition complexes having very similar molecular constants and vibration frequencies to those of nitrogen dioxide. However, the ratio of the frequency factors calculated on this basis, A 1 / A 2 = 1.4, was much larger than the experimentally determined value of 0.3, and this discrepancy is outside the limits of experimental error.

scholarly journals THE PRESENCE OF EXCITED MOLECULES IN ACTIVE NITROGEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2504-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Dunford ◽  
E. R. V. Milton ◽  
D. L. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Radiative Lifetime ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Positive System ◽  
Decay Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Free System ◽  
Spin Resonance

Spectra of active nitrogen have been photographed under conditions comparable to those used for most studies of reactions of active nitrogen with other molecules. Bands observed were identified as the first positive system of nitrogen and the β- and γ-bands of nitric oxide. No trace of Vegard–Kaplan emission was observed. The 2 537 line of mercury was detected under certain conditions.The results are used to rationalize the large discrepancy which exists between estimates of the lifetime of N2(A3Σu+) by optical spectroscopy and reaction kinetics. In the former method, the measurements are performed in an oxygen-free system and are clearly related to a radiative lifetime. In the latter method, the measurements are performed in the presence of traces of oxygen and are believed to indicate a collisional lifetime. The reaction kinetic measurements are shown to be in complete agreement, both with regard to decay kinetics and lifetime, with electron spin resonance measurements on active nitrogen produced under near-identical conditions.

scholarly journals THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH NITRIC OXIDE AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE1

1960 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Verbeke ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Active Nitrogen

COMMENTS ON THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ETHYLENE AND NITRIC OXIDE

1960 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Zinman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction
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