The Compensation in ΔH[UNK] and ΔS[UNK] Accompanying the Conversion of Lower Order Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions to Higher Order Catalytic Processes. The Temperature Dependence of the Hydrazinolysis and Imidazole-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Acetates

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Bruice ◽  
Stephen J. Benkovic
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Catalytic Processes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Lanthanum ion catalysis of nucleophilic displacement reactions of monoesters of methyl phosphonic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (23) ◽  
pp. 4383-4387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Withey
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Methylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Lanthanum Ion ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The catalytic effects of lanthanum ion on the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl hydrogen methylphosphonate in aqueous solution at pH > 7.0 are reported. Increases in rate by a factor of about 3.6 × 104 have been observed. No such catalysis was found for diesters of methylphosphonic acid.

The Nucleophilic Displacement of the Nitrate Group. 1. The Hydrolysis of a Series of Benzyl Nitrates in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (13) ◽  
pp. 2485-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalavelil Matthew Koshy ◽  
Ross Elmore Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Transition State ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Ionic Character ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Group 1

The temperature dependence of the rates of hydrolysis of a series of substituted benzyl nitrates in water provided estimates of the heat capacities of activation. These values varied with the substituent over a wide range (−28 → −101 cal mol−1 deg−1).An approximate parallelism has been found to exist between the ΔCp≠ values and kinetic α-deuterium effects obtained for the nitrates and chlorides.While recognizing the existence of specific factors contributing to individual differences, the relative values of these parameters for the individual members of the two series provide a useful measure of the ionic character of the transition state.

REACTIONS OF SULPHONIC ESTERS: VI. THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF A SERIES OF ALKYL BENZENESULPHONATES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Data are presented showing temperature dependence of the rate of hydrolysis of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and n-propyl benzenesulphonates in water. The heat of activation is shown to be temperature dependent to the extent of −30 to −40 cal./mole deg. Since, in solvolysis, the properties of water favor ionization over nucleophilic displacement, it is suggested that these temperature coefficients, ΔCp‡, and the accompanying entropy differences, ΔS‡, can be rationalized in terms of variations in the reorganization of the solvent about the transition state.

The Effect of Activated Higher-order Goals on Emotional Responses in Lower-order Activities

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Oh ◽  
Daniel Cervone ◽  
Taeho Ham ◽  
June Yum
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Higher Order

READING EXERCISES FOR VIII GRADE STUDENTS BASED ON BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Permata Sari And Indra Hartoyo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Bloom's Taxonomy ◽  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Bloom’S Taxonomy

This study is aimed at (1) analyzing reading exercises based Bloom’s taxonomy for VIII grade in English on Sky textbook. (2) Found the distribution of the lower and higher order thinking skill in reading exercises. (3) To reason for level reading exercises. After analyzed the data, the result of the data analysis also infers that the six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy in reading exercises weren’t applied totally. The creating skill doesn’t have distribution in reading exercise, and the understanding – remembering level more dominant than another levels. The distribution of the higher order thinking level was lower than the lower order thinking level and the six levels are not appropriate with the proportion for each level of education based Bloom’s taxonomy, such as the distribution of the creating level in the reading exercise must be a concern because no question that belong to the creating level. It was concluded that reading exercises in English on Sky textbook cannot improve students' critical thinking skills for VIII grade.

Factors associated with complications in higher order compared to lower order repeat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Tahira Akhtar ◽  
◽  
Aahsann Kazemi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Factors Associated
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