THE HEATS OF DILUTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE, ACETIC ACID AND SODIUM ACETATE, AND THEIR BEARING ON HEAT CAPACITIES AND HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION1

1929 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Richards ◽  
Frank T. Gucker
TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVIKAT PATIL ◽  
JOSEPH GENCO ◽  
HEMANT PENDSE ◽  
ADRIAAN VAN HEININGEN

The objective of this work was to determine the process conditions for converting sodium acetate, the major component of alkaline hardwood extract, into acetic acid and sodium hydroxide using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED). The effects of current density and sodium acetate concentration in the feed-salt solution were evaluated using synthetic sodium acetate solution in a feed and bleed mode. This mode of operation represents semibatch processing and was useful for determining the current efficiencies, energy consumption, and other system parameters for the production of about 160 g/L of acetic acid; maximum achievable concentration of acetic acid in electrodialysis; and 30 g/L of sodium hydroxide, which is the concentration sufficient for the extraction of sodium acetate from hardwood. The feed and bleed mode experiments performed at 60 mA/cm2 using 130 and 85 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solutions produced similar results, except for a small change in the amount of water transported into the acid and base compartments. The feed and bleed mode experiment performed at low current density of 40 mA/cm2 using 50 g/L sodium acetate as feed-salt solution produced almost similar quantities of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as those in the other feed and bleed mode experiments. However, the energy consumption and current efficiencies were lower than those for the experiments performed at the current density of 60 mA/cm2.


1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Trivedi ◽  
B.G. Shah ◽  
S.K. Adhikary ◽  
V.K. Indusekhar ◽  
R. Rangarajan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Gašparová ◽  
Katarína Kotlebová ◽  
Margita Lácová

Reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin 1 with heterocyclic aldehydes 2-4 led to bis-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives 5-7 under microwave irradiation as well as under the classical heating. The subsequent reactions of products 5-7 are described. 4,4’-Epoxydicoumarins 8, 9 were prepared by the reaction of 5-7 in acetic acid / p-toluenesulfonic acid medium. Compound 10 was prepared by the reaction of 5 in acetic anhydride in the presence sodium acetate. Dioxocine-1,15-dione 11 was prepared by the reaction of 6 with dichloromethane in sodium hydroxide-toluene.


2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Daniela Sofei ◽  
Maria Ilici ◽  
Valentin Badea ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
Vasile-Nicolae Bercean

The synthesis of 1H-3-aryl-7-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2) was carried out by cyclization of 1H-5-arylidenehydrazino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pyrazoles (1) in the presence of bromine using glacial acetic acid as solvent and sodium acetate as base. The new nine obtained compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
Nalla Krishna Rao ◽  
Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽  
Botsa Parvatamma ◽  
Y. Prashanthi ◽  
Ravi Kumar Cheedarala

Aims: A series of six 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyloxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted aryl aldehydes with 2-(2-(1-phenyl-3,4- dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-acetamido)acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate, acetic anhydride and zinc oxide as catalysts. Background: Novel Synthesis of 4-Benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3,4-dihy droisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl)methyl)oxazol- 5(4H)-one derivatives using 1,2,3,Tetrahydroisoquinoline and their antimicrobial activity. Objective: The title compounds can be synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. Methods: The target molecules, i.e., 4-benzylidene-2-((1-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro isoquinoline-2(1H)-yl) methyl) oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives (8a-8f) have been synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which was prepared from benzoic acid in few steps. Results: All the six compounds were evaluated based on advanced spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR & LCMS), and the chemical structures of all compounds were determined by elemental analysis. Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of the derivatives was examined for the synthesized compounds and results indicate that compound with bromine substitution has a good activity profile.


Carbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mugisidi ◽  
Aria Ranaldo ◽  
Johny W. Soedarsono ◽  
Muhammad Hikam

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 113820
Author(s):  
Hong Liao ◽  
Jiaxin You ◽  
Peiyao Wen ◽  
Wenjun Ying ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
...  

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