Cholinergic Blockade as Related to Chain Length of Monoquaternary Derivatives of Atropine and Benzoyl-tropine

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Soyka ◽  
Laszlo Gyermek
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Cholinergic Blockade ◽  
Derivatives Of

Evaluation of derivatives of 3-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine) hexahydro-1H-azepine-2-one as dermal penetration enhancers: side chain length variation and molecular modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kim ◽  
A.F El-Kattan ◽  
C.S Asbill ◽  
R.J Kennette ◽  
J.W Sowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Side Chain Length ◽  
Dermal Penetration ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyformate Esters of Vegetable Oils: Milkweed, Pennycress, and Soy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogers E. Harry-O’kuru ◽  
Girma Biresaw ◽  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Roque Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Short Chain Length ◽  
Analogous Manner ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Epoxy Ring Opening ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Acyl Derivatives

In a previous study of the characteristics of acyl derivatives of polyhydroxy milkweed oil (PHMWO), it was observed that the densities and viscosities of the respective derivatives decreased with increased chain length of the substituent acyl group. Thus from the polyhydroxy starting material, attenuation in viscosity of the derivatives relative to PHMWO was found in the order: PHMWO ≫ PAcMWE ≫ PBuMWE ≫ PPMWE (2332 : 1733 : 926.2 : 489.4 cSt, resp., at 40°C), where PAcMWE, PBuMWE, and PPMWE were the polyacetyl, polybutyroyl, and polypentanoyl ester derivatives, respectively. In an analogous manner, the densities also decreased as the chain length increased although not as precipitously compared to the viscosity drop. By inference, derivatives of vegetable oils with short chain length substituents on the triglyceride would be attractive in lubricant applications in view of their higher densities and possibly higher viscosity indices. Pursuant to this, we have explored the syntheses of formyl esters of three vegetable oils in order to examine the optimal density, viscosity, and related physical characteristics in relation to their suitability as lubricant candidates. In the absence of ready availability of formic anhydride, we opted to employ the epoxidized vegetable oils as substrates for formyl ester generation using glacial formic acid. The epoxy ring-opening process was smooth but was apparently followed by a simultaneous condensation reaction of the putativeα-hydroxy formyl intermediate to yield vicinal diformyl esters from the oxirane. All three polyformyl esters milkweed, soy, and pennycress derivatives exhibited low coefficient of friction and a correspondingly much lower wear scar in the 4-ball antiwear test compared to the longer chain acyl analogues earlier studied.

Partition coefficients and ultraviolet absorption maxima for the cinnamoyl derivatives of some long-chain and large-ring amines

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1340-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Currie ◽  
H. L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ring Size ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Limiting Value ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Amide Nitrogen Atom

Partition coefficients of the title compounds in the system cyclohexane–water do not increase steadily with increasing chain length or ring size but level off to a limiting value. Reasons are advanced to account for this observation. Absorption maxima, on the other hand, are not influenced by the size of the ring or the length of the chain but are dependent only upon the degree of substitution on the amide nitrogen atom.

scholarly journals IN SILICO STUDIES ON DIACYL DERIVATIVES OF PHLOROGLUCINOL TO ENHANCE PHARMACODYNAMIC AND PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILES OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYL-ACETOPHENONE

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
SHEAU WEI CHIONG ◽  
CHEAN HUI NG ◽  
KHOZIRAH SHAARI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profiles ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Derivatives Of

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the LOX inhibitory activity, and predict the drug likeness properties of designed diacyl derivatives of phloroglucinol, using in silico method. Methods: The designed derivatives were subjected to molecular docking using AUTODOCK while the receptor used in this study was built from SWISS MODEL. Drug likeness properties of the derivatives were calculated by online programs i.e. MOLINSPIRATION and PreADMET. Results: Molecular docking study revealed that designed tHGA derivative with four-carbon chain length exhibited the best binding affinity with the docking scores of -7.26kcal/mol. Three types of binding interactions were observed between the derivatives and the receptor site i.e H-bonding, hydrophobic and Van der Waals interactions. The important amino acid residues involved in H-bonding were Gln495 and Gln697, while other amino acid residues, such as Leu754 and Ile 553, were involved in the Van der Waals interaction. The designed tHGA derivatives were mainly stabilized through hydrophobic interactions with His499, His504, Ile538, Phe557 and Val750. In silico physicochemical calculations predicted that all the designed derivatives passed the Lipinski’s Rule of 5, and have good human intestinal absorption property (HIA>70%). Further, all the designed derivatives showed moderate central nervous system absorption (0.6<BBB<2.0), except for the derivative with a longer (5-Cs) chain length. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested that changing the acyl and geranyl side chains of the natural product molecule, tHGA, into two acyl bearing side chains, will improve its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles.

Gadolinium-labeled liposomes containing amphiphilic Gd-DTPA derivatives of varying chain length: Targeted MRI contrast enhancement agents for the liver

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Kabalka ◽  
M.A. Davis ◽  
E. Holmberg ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Targeted Mri ◽  
Derivatives Of

Effect of N-methylation and chain length on kinetic constants of trypsin substrates. ε-N-Methyllysine and homolysine derivatives as substrates

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Seely ◽  
N. Leo Benoiton
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Derivatives ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Side Chain Length ◽  
Derivatives Of

The action of trypsin on the following amino acid derivatives has been investigated: the ethyl esters of ε-N-mono-, ε-N-di-, and ε-N-tri-methyl-L-lysine; the ethyl esters of the homologues of lysine and arginine; the methyl ester and amide of the α-N-benzoyl-DL-homolysine; the methyl esters and amides of the α-N-benzoyl derivatives of ε-N-di- and ε-N-tri-methyllysine; and poly ε-N-methyllysine. Derivatives of L-ornithine, DL-2,8-diaminooctanoic acid, ε-N-dimethyl-, ε-N-trimethyl-, and ε-N-formyl-L-lysine were not substrates of trypsin. ε-N-Dimethyl-L-lysine derivatives did not inhibit the action of trypsin on a specific substrate. DL-Homolysine derivatives were hydrolyzed with kcat's one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of lysine derivatives, but their Km's were only 1.5–3 times higher. ε-N-Methyl-L-lysine derivatives were hydrolyzed at rates similar to those for DL-homolysine derivatives, and had Km's 25–115 times those of lysine derivatives. Plots of Km and kcat/Km versus side-chain length of the substrate for the ethyl esters of all the homologues of lysine and arginine indicated a correlation between these kinetic constants and side-chain length, and that the best substrate would have a side-chain length between those of lysine and arginine. Poly-ε-N-methyl-L-lysine was degraded to small peptides by trypsin.

Cyanoacrylate Inhibitors of the Hill Reaction IV. Binding Characteristics of the Hydrophobic Domain

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Huppatz ◽  
John N. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Hydrophobic Domain ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Hydrophobic Binding ◽  
Amino Derivatives ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Derivatives Of

Aryl- and aralkyl-amino derivatives of 2-cyanoacrylic esters were synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of the Hill reaction in isolated pea chloroplast fragments. Aryl- and aralkyl-amino 2-cyanoacrylates unsubstituted in the β-position were weak inhibitors but activity could be greatly enhanced by inclusion of a β-alkyl group with the increase in potency being dependent on the carbon chain length of the β-substituent. The magnitude of this effect appeared independent of the nature of the aryl- or aralkyl-amino function. Inclusion of a carbon chain between the phenyl and amino functions of phenylamino-2-cyano- acrylates produced a stepwise increase in activity with increasing chain length, indicating a prefer- red orientation for the phenyl ring within the hydrophobic binding domain.

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