Role of the Electric Field Affected Zone (EFAZ) on the Electrophoretic Deposition of TiO2 Nanoparticles under Symmetric Low-Frequency AC Electric Fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
S. Ghashghaie ◽  
B. Raissi Dehkordi ◽  
R. Riahifar
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ac Electric Fields

Deposition of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Using Low Frequency Alternating Electrophoretic Deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Gardeshzadeh ◽  
Babak Raissi ◽  
Ehsan Marzbanrad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Ac Electric Fields ◽  
Rectangular Waveform ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Deposit Yield

In this paper, electrophoretic deposition of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using low frequency (0.01-1000 Hz) AC electric fields, is reported. The effect of depositing parameters such as frequency and waveform on deposit yield is investigated. Results show that the deposit yield decreases with frequency. The rectangular waveform yields more deposit yield than sinusoidal and triangular waveforms. The deposition pattern is also different in AC and DC electric fields. This technique may be used for deposition of MWNTs thick films.

Electrophoretic deposition of SnO2 nanoparticles using low frequency AC electric fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1697-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Gardeshzadeh ◽  
Babak Raissi ◽  
Ehsan Marzbanrad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ac Electric Fields

scholarly journals Elucidating the Influence of Electric Fields toward CO2 Activation on YSZ (111)

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Nisa Ulumuddin ◽  
Fanglin Che ◽  
Jung-Il Yang ◽  
Su Ha ◽  
Jean-Sabin McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Reverse Water Gas Shift ◽  
High Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

Despite its high thermodynamic stability, the presence of a negative electric field is known to facilitate the activation of CO2 through electrostatic effects. To utilize electric fields for a reverse water gas shift reaction, it is critical to elucidate the role of an electric field on a catalyst surface toward activating a CO2 molecule. We conduct a first-principles study to gain an atomic and electronic description of adsorbed CO2 on YSZ (111) surfaces when external electric fields of +1 V/Å, 0 V/Å, and −1 V/Å are applied. We find that the application of an external electric field generally destabilizes oxide bonds, where the direction of the field affects the location of the most favorable oxygen vacancy. The direction of the field also drastically impacts how CO2 adsorbs on the surface. CO2 is bound by physisorption when a +1 V/Å field is applied, a similar interaction as to how it is adsorbed in the absence of a field. This interaction changes to chemisorption when the surface is exposed to a −1 V/Å field value, resulting in the formation of a CO3− complex. The strong interaction is reflected through a direct charge transfer and an orbital splitting within the Olatticep-states. While CO2 remains physisorbed when a +1 V/Å field value is applied, our total density of states analysis indicates that a positive field pulls the charge away from the adsorbate, resulting in a shift of its bonding and antibonding peaks to higher energies, allowing a stronger interaction with YSZ (111). Ultimately, the effect of an electric field toward CO2 adsorption is not negligible, and there is potential in utilizing electric fields to favor the thermodynamics of CO2 reduction on heterogeneous catalysts.

scholarly journals Electric potential differences across auroral generator interfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Keyser ◽  
M. Echim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Equilibrium Configuration ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Field Profile ◽  
Electric Potential Difference ◽  
Electric Field Profile

Abstract. Strong localized high-altitude auroral electric fields, such as those observed by Cluster, are often associated with magnetospheric interfaces. The type of high-altitude electric field profile (monopolar, bipolar, or more complicated) depends on the properties of the plasmas on either side of the interface, as well as on the total electric potential difference across the structure. The present paper explores the role of this cross-field electric potential difference in the situation where the interface is a tangential discontinuity. A self-consistent Vlasov description is used to determine the equilibrium configuration for different values of the transverse potential difference. A major observation is that there exist limits to the potential difference, beyond which no equilibrium configuration of the interface can be sustained. It is further demonstrated how the plasma densities and temperatures affect the type of electric field profile in the transition, with monopolar electric fields appearing primarily when the temperature contrast is large. These findings strongly support the observed association of monopolar fields with the plasma sheet boundary. The role of shear flow tangent to the interface is also examined.

Pulsed DC electric fields couple to natural NAD(P)H oscillations in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Rosenspire ◽  
A.L. Kindzelskii ◽  
H.R. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Chemotactic Factors ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Dc Electric Fields

Previously, we have demonstrated that NAD(P)H levels in neutrophils and macrophages are oscillatory. We have also found that weak ultra low frequency AC or pulsed DC electric fields can resonate with, and increase the amplitude of, NAD(P)H oscillations in these cells. For these cells, increased NAD(P)H amplitudes directly signal changes in behavior in the absence of cytokines or chemotactic factors. Here, we have studied the effect of pulsed DC electric fields on HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. As in neutrophils and macrophages, NAD(P)H levels oscillate. We find that weak (~10(-)(5) V/m), but properly phased DC (pulsed) electric fields, resonate with NAD(P)H oscillations in polarized and migratory, but not spherical, HT-1080 cells. In this instance, electric field resonance signals an increase in HT-1080 pericellular proteolytic activity. Electric field resonance also triggers an immediate increase in the production of reactive oxygen metabolites. Under resonance conditions, we find evidence of DNA damage in HT-1080 cells in as little as 5 minutes. Thus the ability of external electric fields to effect cell function and physiology by acting on NAD(P)H oscillations is not restricted to cells of the hematopoietic lineage, but may be a universal property of many, if not all polarized and migratory eukaryotic cells.

scholarly journals BEM Modelling of High Voltage ELF electric field applied to a 3D pregnant woman model

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Peratta ◽  
Andres Peratta ◽  
Dragan Poljak
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Geometrical Properties

The paper introduces a three dimensional multidomainboundary element model of a pregnant woman and foetus for the analysis of exposure to high voltage extremely low frequency electric fields. The definition of the differentphysical and geometrical properties of the relevant tissues is established according to medical information available in existing literature. The model takes into account changes in geometry, body mass, body fat, and overall chemical composition in the body which influence the electrical properties, throughout the different gestational periods. The developed model is used to solve the case of exposure to overhead power transmission lines at different stages of pregnancy including weeks 8, 13, 26 and 38. The results obtained are in line with those published in the earlier works considering different approaches. In addition, a sensitivity analysis involving varying scenarios of conductivity, foetus postures and geometry for each stage is defined and solved. Finally, a correlation between the externally applied electric field and the current density inside the foetus is established and the zones of maximum exposure are identified.

An investigation on the behavior of electrospun ZnO nanofibers under the application of low frequency AC electric fields

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghashghaie ◽  
A. M. Bazargan ◽  
M. Esmaeilpour Ganji ◽  
E. Marzbanrad ◽  
C. Zamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ac Electric Fields ◽  
Zno Nanofibers

Sensitivity to change in electrical environment: a new bioelectric effect

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. R424-R427 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Marino ◽  
J. M. Cullen ◽  
M. Reichmanis ◽  
R. O. Becker ◽  
F. X. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Bioelectric Effect ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
Inappropriate Choice

The action of a 60-Hz, 5 kV/m electric field on erythrocyte parameters in mice was determined. No effects attributable to the magnitude of the field were found, but a transition either from or to an environment containing the field caused decreased red blood cell concentrations and decreased hematocrits. The failure of others to observe effects on erythrocyte parameters following exposure to low-frequency electric fields may have been due to an inappropriate choice of duration of exposure.

scholarly journals Can Electric Fields Drive Chemistry for an Aqueous Microdroplet?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Hao ◽  
Itai Leven ◽  
Teresa Head-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Excess Charge ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Rate Acceleration

Abstract Reaction rates of common organic reactions have been reported to increase by one to six orders of magnitude in aqueous microdroplets compared to bulk solution, but the reasons for the rate acceleration are poorly understood. We investigate the role of electric fields at water droplet surfaces that might explain the promotion of unusual reactive chemistry, along with changes in electric field profiles as a function of excess charge to model the electrospray fragmentation process. We find that electric field alignments along free O-H bonds at the surface yield field strength distributions that are ~30 MV/cm larger on average than that found for O-H bonds in the interior of the water droplet, consistent with greater surface reactivity. We emphasize the importance of both nuclear and electronic effects at the surface, and the non-linear coupling of intramolecular solute polarization with intermolecular solvent modes, as a necessary feature for predicting the higher field strengths at water droplet surfaces.

Effect of Microstructure on Lifetime Performance of Barium Titanate Ceramics Under DC and AC Electric Fields

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Electrical Loading ◽  
Ac Electric Fields ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
Weibull Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Bulk barium titanate (BaTiO3 ) ceramic specimens with bimodal microstructures are prepared and their dielectric and fatigue strengths are investigated under an alternating current (AC) electric field and a direct current (DC) electric field. It is found that under AC electrical loading, both the dielectric and fatigue strengths decrease with increasing amount of coarse abnormal grains. The scatter of the AC fatigue strength is characterized with the Weibull statistics. The extent of scatter of the AC fatigue strength data correlates strongly with the size distribution of the coarse grains. Such correlation is resulted from the presence of intrinsic defects within the microstructure. For DC electrical loading, the time to failure of the specimens with coarse abnormal grains is significantly shorter than the lifetimes of the specimens with only small normal grains. It is found that under a DC electric field of 6 MVm−1, the BaTiO3 specimens would fail within 200 h when abnormal grains are present in the microstructure. However, the lifetimes of the specimens containing abnormal grains vary significantly from one to another. The Weibull statistical analysis indicates that the amount of abnormal grains has little influence on the lifetime performance of bulk BaTiO3 ceramics under large DC electric fields. In most of the failed BaTiO3 specimens under DC electrical loading, regardless of their lifetimes, large through-thickness round holes with recrystallization features are present. A mixed failure mode consisting of avalanche and thermal breakdowns is proposed for the failed specimens.

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