Polymer Interdiffusion vs Cross-Linking in Carboxylic Acid−Carbodiimide Latex Films. Effect of Annealing Temperature, Reactive Group Concentration, and Carbodiimide Substituent

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung H. Pham ◽  
Mitchell A. Winnik
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Reactive Group ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Polymer Interdiffusion ◽  
Group Concentration

Polymer Interdiffusion vs Cross-Linking in Carboxylic Acid−Carbodiimide Latex Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 7692-7695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung H. Pham ◽  
Mitchell A. Winnik
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Polymer Interdiffusion

scholarly journals Formation of Amphiphilic Molecules from the Most Common Marine Polysaccharides, toward a Sustainable Alternative?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4445
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Wong ◽  
Lorette Brault ◽  
Eric Gasparotto ◽  
Romuald Vallée ◽  
Pierre-Yves Morvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Amphiphilic Molecules

Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.

Rheology of latex films bonded to wood: influence of cross-linking

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco López-Suevos ◽  
Charles E. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Master Curves ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Adhesive Interaction ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract Parallel-plate rheological analysis was conducted on two types of cross-linking poly(vinyl acetate) latex films: dry freestanding films, and dry films bonded directly to wood (composites). For each sample type, three levels of cross-linking were used: (1) little or no cross-linking of unaltered latex; (2) substantial cross-linking through AlCl3 catalysis of N-methylolacrylamide co-monomer; and (3) greater cross-linking from a phenol-formaldehyde resol additive, in addition to AlCl3 catalysis. Simple thermal scans revealed a strong wood/adhesive interaction; wood increased the base polymer T g by ∼5°C in all adhesives. Relative to the simple thermal scans, time-temperature master curves provided more insight and information about the wood/adhesive interaction. Storage modulus and tan δ master curves both indicated that wood retarded adhesive cross-linking. Using time-temperature superposition, a segmental coupling analysis demonstrated that wood actually narrowed the breadth of the glass transition, or reduced segmental coupling. Cross-linking influenced segmental coupling, but in a fashion that was dependent on the presence or absence of wood. Wood-induced reductions in cross-linking and in segmental coupling were attributed to the diffusion of water-soluble reactive compounds away from the adhesive layer and into the bulk wood. Time/temperature equivalence provides a sensitive means to detect interactions between wood and viscoelastic adhesives.

Cross-Linking Polymerization in Two-Dimensional Assemblies:  Effect of the Reactive Group Site

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 5519-5524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchao Liu ◽  
David F. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reactive Group

Suspension cross-linking of poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing carboxylic acid functionality

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hunter ◽  
Peter D. Turner ◽  
Stephen Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Aryl Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

scholarly journals Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 5417-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gilardoni ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
S. Takahama ◽  
L. M. Russell ◽  
J. D. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Organic Functional Group ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Contribution ◽  
Group Concentration

Abstract. Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observation (MILAGRO) in March 2006 at three platforms located in the Mexico City urban area (at the Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System building – SIMAT), at about 60 km south-east of the metropolitan area (Altzomoni in the Cortes Pass), and on board the NCAR C130 aircraft. Organic functional group and elemental composition were measured by FTIR and XRF. The average organic mass (OM) concentration, calculated as the sum of organic functional group concentrations, was 9.9 μg m−3 at SIMAT, 6.6 μg m−3 at Altzomoni, and 5.7 μg m−3 on the C130. Aliphatic saturated C-C-H and carboxylic acid COOH groups dominated OM (more than 60%) at the ground sites. On the C130, a non-acid carbonyl C=O, carboxylic acid COOH, and amine NH2 groups were observed in concentrations above detection limit only outside the Mexico City basin. From the elemental composition of SIMAT samples, we estimated the upper bound of average contribution of biomass burning to the organic carbon (OC) as 33–39%. The average OM/OC ratio was 1.8 at SIMAT, 2.0 at Altzomoni, and 1.6–1.8 on the C130. On the aircraft, higher OM/OC ratios were measured outside of the Mexico City basin, north of the urban area, along the city outflow direction. The average carboxylic acid to aliphatic saturated ratio at SIMAT reflected a local increase of oxidized functional group concentration in aged particles.

Influence of intraparticle cross-linking on polymer diffusion in latex films prepared from secondary dispersions

2022 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 106691
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Kenneth Tran ◽  
Kevin Ho ◽  
Jessica Emsermann ◽  
Margaret Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Polymer Diffusion ◽  
Latex Films
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