Studying pretrial publicity effects: New methods for improving ecological validity and testing external validity.

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Studebaker ◽  
Jennifer K. Robbennolt ◽  
Steven D. Penrod ◽  
Maithilee K. Pathak-Sharma ◽  
Jennifer L. Groscup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Pretrial Publicity ◽  
New Methods

The Promise and Problem of E-Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Michael D. Franzen ◽  
Matthew J. L. Page
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Commercial Environment

There has been an explosion in the development of electronic methods for psychological assessment. These include use of handheld devices, desktop computers, and platform-based Internet methods. This development has occurred separately in the commercial environment and in the research environment. This development of new methods presents great promise to improve the accuracy, ecological validity, and range of constructs in psychological assessment. However there are also many problems involved in the development of these electronic methods, including the need to train clinicians in their use, the need to develop safeguards for privacy, and the need to develop methods to ensure the integrity of the data collected. This chapter outlines some of the main considerations in moving forward.

Ecological Validity as a Key Feature of External Validity in Research on Human Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Alexandra Freund
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Ecological Validity

Ecological Validity of the Testing Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robert Batsell ◽  
Jennifer L. Perry ◽  
Elizabeth Hanley ◽  
Autumn B. Hostetter
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Class ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Classroom Studies ◽  
Improve Student Learning

The testing effect is the enhanced retention of learned information by individuals who have studied and completed a test over the material relative to individuals who have only studied the material. Although numerous laboratory studies and simulated classroom studies have provided evidence of the testing effect, data from a natural class setting with motivated students are scant. The present two-class quasi-experiment explored the external validity of the testing effect in the Introductory Psychology classroom. The control class studied assigned chapters from the textbook whereas the quiz class studied chapters and completed daily quizzes on those readings. Subsequently, both classes completed exams over this textbook information. The quiz class scored significantly higher than the control class on these test questions about the textbook information; these differences were significant both when the test questions were the same as the quiz questions and when they were new, related questions from the textbook. These data suggest the use of daily quizzes to embed the testing effect into the Introductory Psychology classroom can improve student learning.

Blood, sex, personality, power, and altruism: Factors influencing the validity of strong reciprocity

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Philip Corr
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Strong Reciprocity ◽  
Factors Influencing

AbstractIt is argued that the generality of strong reciprocity theory (SRT) is limited by the existence of anonymous spontaneous cooperation, maintained in the absence of punishment, despite free-riding. We highlight how individual differences, status, sex, and the legitimacy of non-cooperation need to be examined to increase the internal and ecological validity of SRT experiments and, ultimately, SRT's external validity.

scholarly journals 329 Why kennel and cattery food preference trials may not predict pet preferences in home?

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Jill Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Home Product ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Paired Preference

Abstract Paired preference trials conducted in kennels and catteries have been the gold standard for measuring food preferences of dogs and cats for decades. Kennel and cattery environments control for numerous confounding variables and collect precise measurements. The qualities that bring great precision to paired preference trials conducted in kennel and cattery environments also lower the external validity of their findings. Many pet food manufactures become frustrated when a finding of “no significant difference”, or even a “win,” found for food preference in a kennel and cattery environment becomes a loss when “pet enjoyment/liking” is measured in-home. I will cover key differences in the participants, conditions, and measures that likely account for such divergent findings. I will discuss advantages of early in-home product assessment for dog and cat product enjoyment/liking. Lastly, I will present new methods that can be applied to product trials conducted in kennel and cattery environments to increase the external validity of their findings.

Regression Discontinuity and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coady Wing ◽  
Ricardo A. Bello-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
High Internal Validity

Treatment effect estimates from a regression discontinuity design (RDD) have high internal validity. However, the arguments that support the design apply to a subpopulation that is narrower and usually different from the population of substantive interest in evaluation research. The disconnect between RDD population and the evaluation population of interest suggests that RDD evaluations lack external validity. New methodological research offer strategies for studying and sometimes improving external validity in RDDs. This article examines four techniques: comparative RDD, covariate matching RDD, treatment effect derivatives, and statistical tests for local selection bias. The goal of the article is to help evaluators understand the logic, assumptions, data requirements, and reach of the new methods.

The purpose of experiments: Ecological validity versus comparing hypotheses

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Ecological Validity

AbstractAs illustrated by research Koehler himself cites (Dawes et al. 1993), the purpose of experiments is to choose between contrasting explanations of past observations – rather than to seek statistical generalizations about the prevalence of effects. True external validity results not from sampling various problems that are representative of “real world” decision making, but from reproducing an effect in the laboratory with minimal contamination (including from real world factors).

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

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