Fasting and Post-methionine Homocysteine Levels in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Villa ◽  
Paolo Bosco ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Concetta Perri ◽  
Rosanna Suriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Methionine Loading Test

The aim of the study is to compare the basal homocysteine levels in patients with impairment of cognitive status, and in controls, to evaluate if the methionine loading test is able to identify any differences between patients with Alzheimer’s disease and patients with vascular dementia. We enrolled 56 subjects, 20 with Alzheimer’s disease, 18 with vascular dementia, and 18 normal controls. The data shown that plasma homocysteine levels both basal and post-methionine load were significantly higher in the two groups of demented patients than in the control group. No significant differences were found between Alzheimer’s patients and vascular dementia patients. The homocysteine percent increase after a methionine loading test was significantly higher in the controls with respect to the two groups of demented patients. Only in Alzheimer’s patients were vitamin B12 basal levels negatively correlated with basal homocysteine levels (p<0.05), while positively correlated with the homocysteine percent increase after load (p<0.05). The study confirms the possible role of chronically elevated homocysteinemia in neuronal degeneration in demented patients. Even if the methionine loading test revealed an abnormal homocysteine metabolism in demented patients, it didn’t show any difference among patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.

scholarly journals Effect of the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110131
Author(s):  
Jianrong Zhang ◽  
Yu’e Wu ◽  
Yanfang Huang ◽  
Shuqing Zhang ◽  
Liuqin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Mendelsohn Maneuver ◽  
Factor Α

Objective We investigated the effect of the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia. Methods We randomly classified 214 patients with senile vascular dementia and swallowing dysfunction into a control group (CG, n = 106) and observation group (OG, n = 108). Both groups underwent health education, psychological intervention, and training of the oral muscle group. The OG additionally underwent the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training. The Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS), China Stroke Scale (CSS), and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) were used to evaluate dementia, neurological impairment, and cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Results The OG had a higher rate of effective therapy than the CG. After intervention, the OG showed better swallowing function than the CG. At 15 days and 1 month after intervention, the OG had higher video fluoroscopic swallowing exam scores than the CG. The OG had lower serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than the CG. After intervention, the OG had higher HDS and NCSE scores and lower CSS scores than the CG. Conclusions The Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training can improve swallowing function in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia and help to ameliorate the inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Elevated IL-1α and CXCL10 Serum Levels Occur in Patients with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease and a History of Acute Splenic Sequestration

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Driss ◽  
Nana O. Wilson ◽  
Karlene Mason ◽  
Hyacinth I. Hyacinth ◽  
Jacqueline M. Hibbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Splenic Sequestration ◽  
Luminex Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Cytokines ◽  
Normal Controls

Acute splenic sequestration (ASS) and chronic hypersplenism are common features of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in the first 5 years of life affecting one-third of subjects in the Jamaican Cohort Study. The risk factors are largely unknown and the current study explores a possible role of genetic factors. We have explored these in subjects who received splenectomy in the management of ASS (n=8) or chronic hypersplenism (n=9) along with age, gender, and genotype matched controls using Luminex Technology to assess 42 human cytokines/chemokines, including IL-1α and CXCL10 (IP-10). Levels of IL-1α (p=0.008) and CXCL10 (p=0.009) were significantly elevated in patients treated by splenectomy compared with the control group. Levels of IL-1α were significantly higher in those with a history of ASS compared with matched normal controls (p=0.028) but not in those treated for hypersplenism (p=0.093). Furthermore, several significant differences were found in the median ratios of some cytokine biomarkers between the splenectomized group and the normal controls. These observations are consistent with acute splenic sequestration having a distinct phenotype which may be helpful in predicting those at risk of this complication and suggest that the mechanism of these differences merit further study.

scholarly journals Variants in the 3′ End of SLC6A3 in Northwest Han Population with Parkinson’s

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Peiye Chang ◽  
Yongwang Fu ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Mingfang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Genotype And Allele Frequencies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in neurology. It is possible that multifactorial and genetic factors are related to its pathogenesis. Recently, there have been reports of SLC6A3 genetic variants leading to PD. However, the role of 3′ end of SLC6A3 in PD is less studied in different ethnic groups. To explore the roles of 3′ end of SLC6A3 in PD development, 17 SNP sites in 3′ end of SLC6A3 were analyzed in 360 PD patients and 392 normal controls of Han population residing in northwest of China. The significant difference of gene type and allele frequencies between the PD and control groups was detected only in rs40184 (P = 0.013 and 0.004, respectively; odds ratio 2.529, 95% confidence interval 1.325–4.827). The genotype and allele frequencies of the other 16 SNP sites were not found to be different between the PD group and the control group. rs2550936, rs3776510, and rs429699 were selected to construct the haplotypes; no significant difference was found in a frequency of 5 haplotypes between the PD group and the control group. These results suggest that the SLC6A3 variant in rs40184 A allele may increase the risk of PD in northwest Han population and may be a biomarker of PD.

The Role of Adjustment of Expiratory Effort in the Control of Vocal Intensity: Clinical Assessment of Phonatory Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Makiyama ◽  
Hidetaka Yoshihashi ◽  
Manabu Mogitate ◽  
Akinori Kida
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
The Voice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the adjustment of expiratory effort in the control of vocal intensity. STUDY DESIGN: An intensity-loading test was performed by using the airway interruption method. Three groups of subjects were used: a control group thought to resemble normal vocal fold closure, a group of patients with Reinke's edema thought to represent increased mass at the level of the vocal folds, and a group with vocal fold paralysis that was thought to represent a group with lack of adequate vocal fold closure. RESULTS: In the control group, expiratory lung pressure and airway resistance slightly increased. In the patients with Reinke's edema, expiratory lung pressure, and airway resistance significantly increased. In this group, the voice intensity was controlled by laryngeal adjustment, but a greater expiratory effort was needed because of a greater increase in glottal resistance. In the patients with vocal cord paralysis, airway resistance did not increase even with a high-intensity voice. Vocal intensity was controlled by expiratory effort. CONCLUSIONS: If there is sufficient ability for laryngeal adjustment, vocal intensity is controlled primarily by laryngeal adjustment and by expiratory adjustment in response to increased glottal resistance. However, vocal intensity is controlled by expiratory effort when laryngeal adjustment ability is poor.

scholarly journals Ang II-Induced Hypertension Exacerbates the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Soo-Na Cho ◽  
Ji-Ae Choi ◽  
Junghwan Lee ◽  
Sang-Hun Son ◽  
Seong-Ahn Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Foamy Macrophages ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normal Controls

It has been known that infection plays a role in the development of hypertension. However, the role of hypertension in the progression of infectious diseases remain unknown. Many countries with high rates of hypertension show geographical overlaps with those showing high incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the role of hypertension in tuberculosis, we compared the effects of hypertension during mycobacterial infection, we infected both hypertensive Angiotensin II (Ang II) and control mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Ra by intratracheal injection. Ang II-induced hypertension promotes cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in Mtb H37Ra infected mouse lungs. Interestingly, we found that lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues was significantly increased in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Ang II-induced hypertension increases the formation of foamy macrophages during Mtb infection and it leads to cell death. Moreover, the hypertension group showed more severe granuloma formation and fibrotic lesions in comparison with the control group. Finally, we observed that the total number of mycobacteria was increased in the lungs in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Taken together, these results suggest that hypertension increases intracellular survival of Mtb through formation of foamy macrophages, resulting in severe pathogenesis of TB.

Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation at Acupoints of the Heart Meridian on Cognitive Function in Vascular Dementia Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Guang Sun ◽  
Jiang-Feng Shi ◽  
Chun-Hui Guo ◽  
Jin-Yi Hou ◽  
Guang-Hui Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Heart Meridian ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
The Difference

Background:</B> This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture stimulation at acupoints of the heart meridian on vascular dementia (VD). <B>Methods:</B> A total of 120 VD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: observation group, the patients were treated with electroacupuncture stimulation; control group, the patients were treated with oral medicine. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and functional activities questionnaire (FAQ). <B>Results:</B> The total effective rate was 75% in the observation group and 73.33% in the control group, and the difference between these two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After treatment, the MMSE, ADL and FAQ scores in these two groups significantly improved, when compared to scores before treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, the differences in MMSE, ADL and FAQ scores between these two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). <B>Conclusion:</B> Electroacupuncture stimulation at acupoints of the heart meridian has a definite effect in improving the cognitive function of VD patients.

scholarly journals Association between dementia and systemic rheumatic disease: A nationwide population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248395
Author(s):  
Hyemi Park ◽  
Dong-hyuk Yim ◽  
Bolormaa Ochirpurev ◽  
Sang-Yong Eom ◽  
In Ah Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Systemic Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Icd 10

Objectives Systemic rheumatic disease is characterized by autoimmunity and systemic inflammation and affects multiple organs. Few studies have investigated whether autoimmune diseases increase the risk of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the relationship between systemic rheumatic disease and dementia through a population-based study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims database. Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based study using the Korean NHIS database, consisting of individuals who submitted medical claims from 2002–2013. Dementia was defined as having an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) prescription along with symptoms satisfying the Alzhemier’s disease (AD) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (F00 or G30), or vascular dementia (VaD; ICD-10 or F01) criteria. Control subjects were matched to the dementia patients by age and sex. The study group was limited to those diagnosed with rheumatic disease at least 6 months prior to diagnosis of dementia. Rheumatic disease was defined by the following ICD-10 codes: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA: M05), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS: M35), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE: M32), and Behcet’s disease (BD: M35.2). Results Of the 6,028 dementia patients, 261 (4.3%) had RA, 108 (1.6%) had SS, 12 (0.2%) had SLE, and 6 (0.1%) had BD. SLE history was significantly higher in dementia patients (0.2%) than in controls (0.1%) and was associated with dementia (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–5.15). In subgroup analysis, SLE significantly increased dementia risk, regardless of dementia type (AD: OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.06–4.91; VaD: OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.36–15.14). However, these associations were not sustained in the mild CCI or elderly group. Conclusion SLE was independently associated with a higher risk of dementia, including AD and VaD when compared to the control group, even after adjustment. SLE patients (<65 years old) are a high-risk group for early vascular dementia and require screening for early detection and active prevention.

The self and schizophrenia: a cognitive approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznanski
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to explore the basic features of self-schema in persons with schizophrenia. Thirty two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were asked to select personality trait words from a check-list that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like. Compared with the control group, participants from the experimental group chose significantly more adjectives that were common to descriptions of self and others, and significantly less that were common to self and past-self descriptions. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients experience their personality as changing over time much more than do healthy subjects. Moreover, their self-representation seems to be less differentiated from others-representation and less clearly defined than in normal subjects.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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