The roles of gender affirmation and discrimination in the resilience of transgender individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lelutiu-Weinberger ◽  
D English ◽  
P Sandanapitchai
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Transgender individuals face severe stigma-driven health inequities structurally, institutionally and interpersonally, yielding poor individual-level outcomes. Gender affirmation, or being recognized based on one's gender identity, expression and/or role, may be considered a manifestation of resilience. Methods To provide intervention and policy guidelines, we examined latent constructs representative of gender affirmation (legal documentation changes, transition-related medical procedures, familial support) and discrimination (unequal treatment, harassment, and attacks), and tested their impact on mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes among 17,188 binary-identified transgender participants in the 2015 US Transgender Survey. Results Confirmatory factor analyses revealed high standardized factor loadings for both latent variables, on which we regressed outcomes using structural equation modeling. Fit indices suggested good model fit. Affirmation was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (p < .001) and psychological distress (p < .001), and higher odds of substance use (p < .001), and past-year healthcare use and HIV-testing (p < .001). Discrimination was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation (p < .001), psychological distress (p < .001), substance use (p < .001), and past-year HIV-testing (p < .001). Affirmation and discrimination interaction analyses showed lower odds of past-year suicidal ideation (p < .01), with affirmation having a significant moderating protective effect against discrimination. Conclusions Gender affirmation is paramount in upholding transgender health, and these findings carry global significance, beyond the US. Clarification of affirmation procedures, and increases in its accessibility, equitably across racial/ethnic groups, should become a priority, from policy to the family unit. The impact of discrimination demands continued advocacy via education and policy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Factors, Economic Factors, and Epidemiological Factors nexus on Economic Impact: Machine Learning and Structural Equation Modelling Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
David Opeoluwa Oyewola ◽  
Emmanuel Gbenga Dada ◽  
Juliana Ngozi Ndunagu ◽  
Terrang Abubakar Umar ◽  
Akinwunmi S.A
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact

Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, it has been transmitted to more than 200 nations of the world. The harmful impact of the pandemic on the economy of nations is far greater than anything suffered in almost a century. The main objective of this paper is to apply Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Machine Learning (ML) to determine the relationships among COVID-19 risk factors, epidemiology factors and economic factors. Structural equation modeling is a statistical technique for calculating and evaluating the relationships of manifest and latent variables. It explores the causal relationship between variables and at the same time taking measurement error into account. Bagging (BAG), Boosting (BST), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) Machine Learning techniques was applied to predict the impact of COVID-19 risk factors. Data from patients who came into contact with coronavirus disease were collected from Kaggle database between 23 January 2020 and 24 June 2020. Results indicate that COVID-19 risk factors have negative effects on epidemiology factors. It also has negative effects on economic factors.

scholarly journals Measuring cultural dimensions for cross-cultural management: Corporate governance outlook

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Rabeb Riahi ◽  
Foued Hamouda ◽  
Jamel Eddine Henchiri
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Cross Cultural Management ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact

The unobservable nature of the national culture is one of the main limits of research studying the impact of values systems’ in management sciences. This is why we aim in this study to identify a measure to three cultural dimensions namely, individualism (IND), masculinity (MASC) and long-term orientation (LTO). Our methodology is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) under LISREL approach, where latent variables are economic and demographic characteristics. Findings for the cross-national study over a period of 7 years including Tunisia, France, and Canada show that ecological indicators are able to determine studied cultural dimensions. However, due to the dynamic character of culture, some studied indicators are no longer the same as identified in prior studies.

scholarly journals Characterising the impact of COVID-19 environment on mental health, gender affirming services and socioeconomic loss in a global sample of transgender and non-binary people: a structural equation modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004424
Author(s):  
Arjee Javellana Restar ◽  
Harry Jin ◽  
Brooke Jarrett ◽  
Tyler Adamson ◽  
Stefan David Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundWe characterised the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic conditions, access to gender affirmation services and mental health outcomes in a sample of global transgender (trans) and non-binary populations.MethodsBetween 16 April 2020 and 3 August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of trans and non-binary people (n=849) through an online social networking app. We conducted structural equational modelling procedures to determine direct, indirect and overall effects between poor mental health (ie, depression and anxiety) and latent variables across socioecological levels: social (ie, reduction in gender affirming services, socioeconomic loss impact) and environmental factors (ie, COVID-19 pandemic environment).ResultsAnxiety (45.82%) and depression (50.88%) in this sample were prevalent and directly linked to COVID-19 pandemic environment. Adjusted for gender identity, age, migrant status, region, education and level of socioeconomic status, our final model showed significant positive associations between relationships of (1) COVID-19 pandemic environment and socioeconomic loss impact (β=0.62, p<0.001), (2) socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services (β=0.24, p<0.05) and (3) reduction in gender affirming services and poor mental health (β=0.19, p<0.05). Moreover, socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services were found to be partial mediators in this model.ConclusionThe study results supported the importance of bolstering access to gender affirming services and strengthening socioeconomic opportunities and programmatic support to buffer the impact of COVID-19 pandemic environment on poor mental health among trans and non-binary communities globally.

scholarly journals Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on Physical and Mental Health, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation, and the Mediating Role of Stressors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Kiuchi ◽  
◽  
Katsumasa Kishi ◽  
Kanto Araki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mediating Role

This study investigated the physical and psychological impacts of elements related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and demographic data in Japan both directly and as mediated by stressors, immediately following the rescinding of the state of emergency declaration accompanying the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak. An online survey was administered to 1,500 Japanese registered with an online outsourcing service. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Mplus. Relatively large total effects were observed for “insufficient exercise” on physical health (β = –0.24, SE = 0.03), “mental health issues related to COVID-19” on mental health (β= –0.25, SE = 0.03) and psychological distress (β= 0.24, SE = 0.03), neuroticism on mental health (β= –0.30, SE = 0.02) and psychological distress (β= 0.36, SE = 0.02), and social support on suicidal ideation (β= –0.32, SE = 0.03). Thus, mitigating the harm resulting from the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 infection outbreak by raising awareness of risk factors and promoting social support is feasible.

scholarly journals Substance Use as a Mediator of the Association Between Demographics, Suicide Attempt History, and Future Suicide Attempts in Emergency Department Patients

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Arias ◽  
Orianne Dumas ◽  
Ashley F. Sullivan ◽  
Edwin D. Boudreaux ◽  
Ivan Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Identification of factors that predict and protect against attempted suicide are critical for the development of effective suicide prevention and intervention programs. Aims: To examine whether substance use mediates the association between demographic characteristics, suicide attempt history, and reports of a suicide attempt within 12 months after screening positive for active suicidal ideation or behavior during the index emergency department (ED) visit. Method: Data were collected during the first two phases of the Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation (ED-SAFE) study. Data collection included baseline interview; 6- and 12-month chart reviews; and 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 52-week telephone follow-up assessments. Structural equation modeling was used. All p values were two-tailed, with p < .05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 874 subjects, 195 (22%) reported a suicide attempt within 12 months after the index ED visit. Of participants reporting a suicide attempt, 59% were < 40 years old, 59% female, and 76% non-Hispanic White. Associations between race, sex, and suicide attempt 12 months after the index ED visit may be mediated by a combination of alcohol misuse and cocaine use. Conclusion: Findings from the mediation analyses provide insight into the impact of substance use on future suicide attempts in various sociodemographic groups.

scholarly journals Fire in the belly: the impact of despotic leadership on employees work-related outcomes in the hospitality setting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Albashiti ◽  
Zeeshan Hamid ◽  
Mohammed Aboramadan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Building on conservation of resources theory and unfolding theory of turnover, this paper aims to propose a model of the effects of despotic leadership on employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention in the hospitality industry. In this model, the authors theorize psychological distress to play an intervening role among the aforesaid linkages. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected in three-waves from 212 employees working in Palestinian restaurants. A covariance-based matrix in structural equation modeling was used to verify the proposed linkages in the study. A marker variable was used to control the common method bias. Findings The results showed that despotic leadership has a direct negative effect on job satisfaction and a positive indirect effect on turnover intentions. Besides, psychological distress showed to play significant mediating effects among the aforementioned relationships. Practical implications This study gives insights to the hospitality industry on how despotic leadership can be destructive and lead to negative consequences. Originality/value This study is unique, as it is the first study conducted on despotic leadership in a hospitality setting. The study responded to scholarly calls made to enrich the literature pertaining to despotic leadership and its outcomes.

Psychological distress among students of higher education due to e-learning crackup: moderating role of university support

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubaida Qazi ◽  
Wasim Qazi ◽  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
Komal Akram Khan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Support ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe emergence of electronic learning during the COVID-19 outbreak has been the way by which higher education has attempted to save the situation. However, e-learning still causes psychological distress because of its crackups and fear. Hence, the authors aim to study the impact of e-learning crackup on fear of academic year loss and psychological distress by incorporating university support as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been used to analyze data.FindingsThe results depict that e-learning crackup fosters students' fear of academic year loss, but e-learning crackup has an insignificant impact on psychological distress. However, psychological distress is driven by fear of an academic year loss. Lastly, university support moderates the relationship between e-learning crackup and psychological distress, but no moderating role exists between fear of academic year loss and psychological distress.Originality/valueThe recent pandemic has severely affected the mental health of students. Therefore, it is crucial to study the reasons that foster distress among them. But, unfortunately, there is a prominent absence of research for inspecting students' psychological distress because of the e-learning crisis, especially in the wake of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Pornography Use in Adolescents and Its Clinical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Josep M. Farré ◽  
Angel L. Montejo ◽  
Miquel Agulló ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Carlos Chiclana Actis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criterion Variables

(1) Background: The Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model (DSMM) suggests that pornography use effects are conditional and they depend on dispositional, developmental, and social differential susceptibility variables. This framework also highlights that the differential susceptibility variables act as predictors of pornography use and as moderators of the effect of pornography on criterion variables. (2) Methods: By administering a survey to n = 1500 adolescents, we tested whether these assumptions were met. (3) Results: Pornography use was related to being male and older, having a bisexual or undefined sexual orientation, higher substance use, being non-Muslim, and reporting sexual interest and the use of the media to obtain sexual information. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that higher levels in the criterion variables were directly related to pornography use, older age, substance use, and being women. Some mediational links also emerged. Pornography use mediated between the age and criterion variables. Moreover, substance use mediated the association between age and gender with the criterion variables. (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the clinical applicability of the theoretical DSMM framework. Knowing adolescent pornography consumers’ profiles and the impact of pornography on this population would allow for the designing of more effective prevention and regulation proposals.

scholarly journals Problematic internet-related behaviors mediate the associations between levels of internet engagement and distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal structural equation modeling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hua Chen ◽  
Chao-Ying Chen ◽  
Amir H. Pakpour ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and aimsDue to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), policies based on the nature of “spatial distancing” have been implemented and have resulted in school suspensions and online learning among schoolchildren. In order to examine the impact of such policies on schoolchildren, the aims of the present study were to (i) assess changes in the level of engagement in three internet-related activities (smartphone use, social media use, and gaming) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, including prolonged and problematic engagement in these activities; (ii) investigate the differences of psychological distress before and after COVID-19 outbreak; and (iii) to use structural equation modeling to investigate the mediating roles of problematic internet-related behaviors in the causal relationships of psychological distress and time spent on internet-related activities.MethodsSelf-report measures were used to assess internet-related activities and psychological distress. Time spent on internet-related activities, problematic use of internet-related activities, and psychological distress were collected from primary school students (N = 535; 265 boys; M age = 10.32 years [SD = 0.84]). The data were first collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., early November 2019) and then collected again during the school suspension due to COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., end of March 2020) for comparisons of changes.ResultsSchoolchildren spent significantly more time on the smartphone (increased 1.02 h daily; P < 0.001) and social media (increased 0.73 h daily; P < 0.001) but not gaming (increased 0.14 h daily; P = 0.07) during the school suspension compared to the baseline. Schoolchildren who increased by 15 or 30 min daily on internet-related activities showed an increased level of psychological distress. The association between problematic use of social media and psychological distress was stronger during the school suspension (β = 0.584) than at the baseline (β = 0.451; P < 0.001).ConclusionIncreased problematic use of internet-related activities among schoolchildren was associated with greater psychological distress. Parents should therefore monitor internet-related activities and psychological distress of their children to support their mental health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Preventive, Supportive and Awareness Building Measures among International Students in China in Response to COVID-19: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwne Sarker ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Md. Ghulam Rabbany ◽  
Milon Barmon ◽  
Rana Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
International Students ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its high mortality, stigma and panic has compelled many cities and countries to complete lockdown. The worldwide student group is one of the most affected and vulnerable communities in this situation. Our current study aimed to assess the impact of the behavior change communication among international students in China in current COVID-19 crisis.Methods In this paper, we have utilized partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to understand the health behaviour changes of international students in China in response to novel Coronavirus outbreak. We mainly analyzed the relationship among the three selected latent variables (preventive, supportive and awareness building) based on a survey among the international students (n=467) in China in February 2020. We obtained their valuable responses regarding level of awareness, satisfaction and trust in authorities (i.e., government, local authorities and institutions) during this emergency period. Results We utilized 22 indicators in the conceptual framework model with the help of Smart PLS 2.0 version software. The lowest average variance extracted (AVE) for all the constructs of our paper exceeded the minimum accepted value of 0.5, representing the adequate convergent validity. Prediction of students’ satisfaction, the key outcome degree of the model, was nearly moderate, with an R2 = 0.507 whereas the prediction of trust in authorities was above substantial, with an R2 = 0.797. Therefore, our PLS-SEM model showed a strong and significant positive association between preventive and supportive measures taken for the study population and gaining trust, awareness and satisfaction in authorities. Conclusions Integrated partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) can be a great way to measure the satisfaction and trust level of various population groups over government, local authorities, and institutions in public health emergency like COVID-19 crisis. We believe that our findings are important for travel and global health perspectives. Other countries can learn and take necessary initiatives for their international students and general public to halt this deadly epidemic with gaining their satisfaction and trust as well.

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