scholarly journals Risk Perception and Self-Protective Behavior

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop van der Pligt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Most models of health-related behaviors are based on the assumption that people estimate the seriousness of a risk, evaluate the costs and benefits of action, and then select a course of action that will maximize their expected outcome. Risk refers to the possibility of loss and is generally conceived as consisting of two components: the probability and the severity of negative outcomes. This article focuses on the probability component. First the role of perceived risk in models of health-behavior will be discussed. Possible biases in risk-perception and the role of perceived risk as a determinant of protective behavior are the next issue. This is followed by some methodological considerations about how to measure perceived risk and investigate its role as a behavioral determinant. Next we turn to optimistic biases in comparative risk appraisal and briefly discuss both antecedents and consequences of optimism. Finally we discuss some implications of these findings for programs aiming to change health-related behavior and increase protective action.

Conceptualisation of Role of Social Media Engagement in Influencing Purchase Behaviour of Gen Y: Role of Trust and Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Social Media Engagement ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose: The present study seeks to conceptualise the role of social media engagement in purchasing intentions of gen Y and moderating role of trust and perceived risk. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws upon the extant literature to present a series of research propositions relating to social media engagement. Findings: The study proposes a conceptual model based on the antecedents and consequences of social media engagement, and the moderating role of perceived risk and trust in the relationship between brand equity and purchase intentions. Research limitations: Being conceptual in nature, the paper needs to be empirically tested. Originality/value: The paper is among the first attempt to examine the moderating role of perceived risk and trust in the relationship between brand equity and purchase intention.

Perception of injury risk in Muay Thai kickboxing

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Strotmeyer ◽  
Reidar P. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Comparative Risk

Introduction. Notwithstanding the important role risk perception may play in the occurrence and prevention of sports injuries, there is very limited empirical data pertaining to athletes in combat sports. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the injury risk perception among Muay Thai fighters. Material and methods. Muay Thai fighters completed an online survey in which they rated the perceived risk of injury in a range of different sports. Perceived comparative risk was obtained indirectly by subtracting perceived risk of injury to oneself from perceived risk of injury to a peer. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, comparison of means, and ordinal logistic regression. Results. Muay Thai fighters perceived the risk of injury in their own sport to be significantly lower than that in other collision and contact sports, including popular combat sports such as boxing and mixed martial arts. On average, Muay Thai fighters perceived their own risk injury to be significantly lower compared to their peers (p < .001). Conclusions. There appears to be a mismatch between actual and perceived injury risk among Muay Thai fighters, who, moreover, exhibit a significant degree of comparative optimism. Because behaviour is determined by perceived rather than actual risk, underestimation of injury risk may lead to an increased frequency of injury. Future injury prevention strategies in combat sports such as Muay Thai kickboxing should consider educational- and psychosocial-based interventions that include efforts to correct erroneous beliefs and attitudes about actual risk of injury in the sport.

scholarly journals Self-Affirmation Effect on Risk Perception and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy in Anti-Alcohol Messages

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Milena Stanojlović Ph.D ◽  
Prof. Ubaldo Cuesta Cambra ◽  
Ph.D. Candidate Borja Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
The People ◽  
Daily Alcohol Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Message Acceptance

The beneficial effect of self-affirmation on the reduction of people’s defensive responses and the increase in message acceptance has been widely demonstrated in different health-related topics. However, little is known about the specific conditions in which self-affirmation strategies might be more effective. Our objective is to explore the interplay of self-affirmation and self-efficacy in the context of alcohol consumption. Recruited participants were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation group or a no-treatment group and exposed to a video describing several consequences of alcohol consumption. Following the message exposure, participant’s drinking refusal self-efficacy was measured together with their perceived risk of daily alcohol intake. In line with our predictions, self-affirmed individuals who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy perceived daily alcohol consumption as a significantly higher risk than those who were assigned to the no-treatment condition. In contrast, for individuals with low drinking refusal self-efficacy, there was no significant difference in the perceived risk between the self-affirmed and the non-affirmed. We predicted and showed that self-affirmation influences the risk perception of daily drinking only for the people who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy. This indicates that self-efficacy could be an important factor that moderates the effect of self-affirmation in alcohol consumption domain.

scholarly journals Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Marija Bratić ◽  
Aleksandar Radivojević ◽  
Nenad Stojiljković ◽  
Olivera Simović ◽  
Emil Juvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Behavior Shift

Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perception, also predicts some forms of planned changes in vacation behaviour. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reduce traveler uncertainty in order to recover international leisure travel.

scholarly journals Factors influencing protective behavior in the post-COVID-19 period in China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqian Shi ◽  
Xiaoni Zhong ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The study aimed to explore the factors influencing protective behavior and its association with factors during the post-COVID-19 period in China based on the risk perception emotion model and the protective action decision model (PADM). Methods A total of 2830 valid questionnaires were collected as data for empirical analysis via network sampling in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to explore the relationships between the latent variables. Results SEM indicated that social emotion significantly positively affected protective behavior and intention. Protective behavioral intention had significant direct effects on protective behavior, and the direct effects were also the largest. Government trust did not have a significant effect on protective behavior but did have a significant indirect effect. Moreover, it was found that government trust had the greatest direct effect on social emotion. In addition, we found that excessive risk perception level may directly reduce people’s intention and frequency of engaging in protective behavior, which was not conducive to positive, protective behavior. Conclusion In the post-COVID-19 period, theoretical framework constructed in this study can be used to evaluate people’s protective behavior. The government should strengthen its information-sharing and interaction with the public, enhance people’s trust in the government, create a positive social mood, appropriately regulate people's risk perception, and, finally, maintain a positive attitude and intent of protection.

Comparative Risk Perception of Common Activities

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison G. Vredenburgh ◽  
Ilene B. Zackowitz ◽  
H. Harvey Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Dangerous Activity

Research on risk perception has been motivated by a variety of practical and theoretical interests, from public policy making and consumer product litigation to psychophysics and cognitive psychology. This paper examines risk perception data for activities that are directly related to public safety. Vredenburgh and Cohen (1993, 1995) have conducted several studies in which subjects responded to risk questionnaires about recreational and work related activities. This paper provides analyses of the risk perception data not included in the previous reports from these studies. The perceived-risk ranks for the recreational and diverse activities are given. Subjects regarded hang gliding as the most dangerous activity and water-skiing as the least dangerous of these sports. Although the full 7-point scale was used by at least some subjects, the means all begin at the middle of the scale and ran towards the high-risk end. Taken at face value, the results of these questionnaires have direct applications to policy and legal issues.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing and Measuring Risk Perceptions of Skin Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak K. Nahar ◽  
Michael A. Vice ◽  
M. Allison Ford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Negative Outcome

Background: Perceived risk is commonly conceived as a joint function of the perceived evaluations about the probability estimate of a negative outcome, and the perceived seriousness of the consequences of that negative outcome. Theories typically posit that once people perceive their vulnerability to health risks or outcomes, they form intentions to take preventive actions to reduce their risk. This theoretical proposition is not supported in skin cancer preventative behavior studies, which could be due to improper measurement of perceived risk. Purpose and Methods: The purpose of this manuscript was to assess how risk perception of skin cancer has been conceptualized and measured in the literature to date. Literature retrieval was facilitated through EBSCO, PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases. Twenty potentially relevant articles were identified for this review. Results: In the literature, skin cancer risk has been operationalized in two ways: absolute risk and comparative risk. However, these measures have some serious limitations. For example, there is great uncertainty regarding the quality of risk perception measurements (i.e., whether the items used to measure perceived risk are reliable and valid). Future studies are warranted to better understand the significance of using conditional risk measures.

Does perceived risk really matter in travel behaviour?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Caber ◽  
M Rosario González-Rodríguez ◽  
Tahir Albayrak ◽  
Biagio Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

In spite of its importance in understanding tourist behaviour, the scientific knowledge about risk perceptions about a destination has begun to expand especially after 1960s. Especially, far more research is yet needed for exploring the role of risk on potential tourists’ travel motivations, destination image perceptions and visit intentions. This study, therefore, attempts to clarify the moderated impact of risk perception in the relationship among travel motivations, destination image and travel intentions. With this purpose, two survey studies were conducted on German tourists visiting Turkey, whereas the participants evaluated their perceptions about Spain or Greece. The results in both cases showed a high direct influence of travel motivations on destination image perception and a significant direct impact of destination image perception on travel intention. The findings also revealed that risk perception has a negative moderated effect on travel motivations, destination image and travel intention relationships.

scholarly journals The different dimensions of risk perception: The role of individual traits and watching TV

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Stefano Tartaglia ◽  
Silvia Gattino ◽  
Caterina Bimbo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large City ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Watching Tv

The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between watching various types of TV programs and risk perception. Because risk perception is a complex phenomenon, we focused also on the role of personal (gender, educational level, personality) and contextual characteristics (living in a large, mid-sized, or small city) in the development of social concerns. A self-reported pen and paper questionnaire was administered to 316 Italian adults. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to identify different groups of perceived risk causes, which revealed three factors: Violence, Politics and Economy, and Environment. We verified the relations among factors of risk perception, TV genres, and personal dimensions via structural equation modelling. Viewing News and Public Affairs was positively related to all dimensions; Films and TV series were positively related to Violence, and Reality and Variety Shows is not related to any factor of risk perception. Educational level was negatively related to all risk perception factors and to watching Reality and Variety Shows. Neuroticism was positively associated with Violence and Politics and Economy, whereas living in a large city was negatively related to Violence.

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