Evaluation of the filter paper technique for in situ sampling of solute transport in unsaturated soils and tuffs

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1913-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Hsiang Tseng ◽  
Gilles Y. Bussod
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Paper Technique

scholarly journals Assessment of Various Methods to Measure the Soil Suction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Soil Suction ◽  
Paper Technique ◽  
Total Suction

The foundation of the lightweight structures is commonly in unsaturated state conditions because located above the ground-water table. The matric suction governs the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. Soil suction estimation is challenging both in the field and lab. The indirect and direct techniques are utilized to measure the soil suction. Several types of equipment utilized to measure the soil suction have been developed with innovative technology. However, there are constraints on reliability, suction range estimation, application, etc. The primary objective of this study is to review, describe the working principle, report limits, and benefits of various techniques utilized to measure the soil suction and select the cost-effective. A comparative study on direct and indirect technique of soil suction estimation is conducted base on recent literature, with a focus on suction range, procedure, type of suction, processing time, and application (lab/field). The apparatus utilized to measure directly or indirectly the matric suction found in the literature displays the highest range in the order of 1500 kPa except for the filter paper. The thermocouple psychrometer and the transistor psychrometer can measure a maximal total suction of 8000 kPa. The chilled-mirror hygrometer can measure a maximal total suction of 30000 kPa in the laboratory. The filter paper technique and the chilled-mirror hygrometer are cost-effective techniques. However, the filter paper technique is likely the easiest and low-cost technique to measure the matric suction and total suction for the full range with extreme care in the test procedure both in the field and lab.

A modified filter paper technique for long-term preservation of some fungal cultures

Mycologist ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.K. Fong ◽  
S. Anuar ◽  
H.P. Lim ◽  
F.Y. Tham ◽  
F.R. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Paper Technique ◽  
Long Term Preservation

scholarly journals In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (33) ◽  
pp. 11911-11916 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
S. C. Henderson ◽  
R. J. Majeska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
In Situ Measurement

Measuring transient solute transport through the vadoze zone using time domain reflectometry

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vogeler ◽  
S. Green ◽  
A. Nadler ◽  
C. Duwig
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Destructive Measurement

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the transport of conservative tracers in the field under transient water flow in a controlled experiment under a kiwifruit vine. A mixed pulse of chloride and bromide was applied to the soil surface of a 16 m2 plot that had been isolated from the surrounding orchard soil. The movement of this solute pulse was monitored by TDR. A total of 63 TDR probes were installed into the plot for daily measurements of both the volumetric water content (θ) and the bulk soil electrical conductivity (σa). These TDR-measured σa were converted into pore water electrical conductivities (σw) and solute concentrations using various θ–σa–σw relationships that were established in the laboratory on repacked soil. The depth-wise field TDR measurements were compared with destructive measurement of the solute concentrations at the end of the experiment. These results were also compared with predictions using a deterministic model of water and solute transport based on Richards’ equation, and the convection–dispersion equation. TDR was found to give a good indication of the shape of the solute profile with depth, but the concentration of solute was under- or over-estimated by up to 50%, depending on the θ–σa–σw relationships used. Thus TDR can be used to monitor in situ transport of contaminants. However, only rough estimates of the electrical conductivity of the soil solution can so far be obtained by TDR.

scholarly journals Ferum concretions in the soils of the Lviv region

2017 ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinoviy Pankiv ◽  
Olena Iliasevych ◽  
Stepan Malyk
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
Reducing Potential ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Brown Color

It is established that ferum concretions can be observed in 60 % area of Lviv’s oblast’s and represented by brown spots, pseudophybras, ortsteins, ortzanders, nodules, layers of marsh ore. In acidic unsaturated soils of Male Polissya, Nadsanya, Precarpathians ferum concretions is the basis for diagnosing soil-forming processes and their genesis. The main factor of ferum concretions formation is the dynamics of oxidation-reducing potential. Fe-Mn pedofetures (ortsteins) dominated in the sodpodzolic gleyed soils of Malogo Pollisya, Nadsanya and in the sod-podzolic pseudogleyed soils of the Precarpathians. Their profile distribution and morphological features. Were established nodules (solid concretions of a dark brown color with a gray tint, irregular shape and with diffuse outlines) were diagnosed within the EI horizon of the brown-podzolic soil of the Precarpathians. Found features of nodules testify about the genesis of in situ. Sod glesish soils of Male Polissya, Precarpathians, valleys Pasmovogo Pobyzzya are characterized by ferum concretions of a dense consistency, a dark brown color with diffuse outlines, which are formed in horizons with long saturation of water due to cementation with soil material of oxides Fe, Al, Mn, Si. Ferum concretions are characterized by maximum accumulation of iron compound (Кх=7,21). Ortzanders and pseudophybras - glandular hydrogenated cemented neoplasms formed are within the profi les of sod pinewood soils of Male Polissya, Nadsanya which were formed on the water-glacial deposits and sod soils in the Davudiv range, formed on Neogene sands on the conditions of high level ironization of ground water and pulsating regime. Little attention is paid to the study of ferum concretions in the soils, which is a significant disadvantage in the study of the genesis of hydromorphic soils. In order to establish the genetic nature, of ferum concretions it is advisable to use modern methods of scanning electronic microscopy, mineralogical and micromorphological studies. Key words: ferum concretions, Fe-Mn pedofetures, ortsteins, nodules, soils.

Time-resolved in-situ pH measurement in differently treated, saturated and unsaturated soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Thiele-Bruhn ◽  
Stefan Wessel-Bothe ◽  
Marc-Oliver Aust
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Ph Measurement ◽  
Time Resolved

Historical development of soil-water physics and solute transport in porous media

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport In Porous Media ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity

The science of soil-water physics and contaminant transport in porous media began a little more than a century ago. The first equation to quantify the flow of water is attributed to Darcy. The next major development for unsaturated media was made by Buckingham in 1907. Buckingham quantified the energy state of soil water based on the thermodynamic potential energy. Buckingham then introduced the concept of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, a function of water content. The water flux as the product of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the total potential gradient has become the accepted Buckingham-Darcy law. Two decades later, Richards applied the continuity equation to Buckingham's equation and obtained a general partial differential equation describing water flow in unsaturated soils. For combined water and solute transport, it had been recognized since the latter half of the 19th century that salts and water do not move uniformly. It wasn't until the middle of the 20th century that scientists began to understand the complex processes of diffusion, dispersion, and convection and to develop mathematical formulations for solute transport. Knowledge on water flow and solute transport processes has expanded greatly since the early part of the 20th century to the present.

A standardized filter paper technique for assessing nasal secretory activity

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. KNOWLES ◽  
P. TOWNSEND ◽  
M. TURNER-WARWICK
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Paper Technique
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