scholarly journals Regional terrestrial water storage change and evapotranspiration from terrestrial and atmospheric water balance computations

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (D9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat J.-F. Yeh ◽  
J. S. Famiglietti
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Storage Change

scholarly journals Assessment of Three Common Methods for Estimating Terrestrial Water Storage Change with Three Reanalysis Datasets

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Deng ◽  
Suxia Liu ◽  
Xingguo Mo
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Storage Change

AbstractTerrestrial water storage change (TWSC) plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and climate system. To date, methods including 1) the terrestrial water balance method (PER), 2) the combined atmospheric and terrestrial water balance method (AT), and 3) the summation method (SS) have been developed to estimate TWSC, but the accuracy of these methods has not been systematically compared. This paper compares the spatial and temporal differences of the TWSC estimates by the three methods comprehensively with the GRACE data during the 2002–13 period. To avoid the impact of different inputs in the comparison, three advanced reanalysis datasets are used, namely 1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis II (NCEP R2), 2) the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), and 3) the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55). The results show that all estimates with PER and AT considerably overestimate the long-term mean on a regional scale because the data assimilation in the reanalysis opens the water budget. The difficulty of atmospheric observation and simulation in arid and polar tundra regions is the documented reason for the failure of the AT method to represent the TWSC phase over 30% of the region found in this study. Although the SS result exhibited the best overall agreement with GRACE, the amplitude of TWSC based on SS differed substantially from that of GRACE and the similarity coefficient of the global distribution between the SS-derived estimate and GRACE is still not high. More detailed considerations of groundwater and human activities, for example, irrigation and reservoir impoundments, can help SS to achieve a higher accuracy.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Water Storage Changes of Permafrost in the Three-River Source Region of the Tibetan Plateau, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Qiudong Zhao ◽  
Jiazhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change

Changes in permafrost influence water balance exchanges in watersheds of cryosphere. Water storage change (WSC) is an important factor in water cycle. We used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data to retrieve WSC in the Three-River Source Region and subregions. WSC in four types of permafrost (continuous, seasonal, island, and patchy permafrost) was analyzed during 2003–2010. The result showed that WSC had significant change; it increased by9.06±0.01 mm/a (21.89±0.02×109 m3) over the Three-River Source Region during the study period. The most significant changes of WSC were in continuous permafrost zone, with a total amount of about13.94±0.48×109 m3. The spatial distribution of WSC was in state of gain in the continuous permafrost zone, whereas it was in a state of loss in the other permafrost zones. Little changes of precipitation and runoff occurred in study area, but the WSC increased significantly, according to water balance equation, the changes of runoff and water storage were subtracted from changes of precipitation, and the result showed that changes of evaporation is minus which means the evaporation decreased in the Three-River Source Region during 2003–2010.

scholarly journals Estimation of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes at Small Basin Scales Based on Multi-Source Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Xiuguo Liu ◽  
Yulong Zhong ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Shuang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Water Balance Equation ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Small Basin

Terrestrial water storage changes (TWSCs) retrieved from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission have been extensively evaluated in previous studies over large basin scales. However, monitoring the TWSC at small basin scales is still poorly understood. This study presented a new method for calculating TWSCs at the small basin scales based on the water balance equation, using hydrometeorological and multi-source data. First, the basin was divided into several sub-basins through the slope runoff simulation algorithm. Secondly, we simulated the evapotranspiration (ET) and outbound runoff of each sub-basin using the PML_V2 and SWAT. Lastly, through the water balance equation, the TWSC of each sub-basin was obtained. Based on the estimated results, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in precipitation, ET, outbound runoff, and TWSC in the Ganjiang River Basin (GRB) from 2002 to 2018. The results showed that by comparing with GRACE products, in situ groundwater levels data, and soil moisture storage, the TWSC calculated by this study is in good agreement with these three data. During the study period, the spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and runoff in the GRB were similar, with a minimum in 2011 and maximum in 2016. The annual ET changed gently, while the TWSC fluctuated greatly. The findings of this study could provide some new information for improving the estimate of the TWSC at small basin scales.

scholarly journals Continental-Scale Basin Water Storage Variation from Global and Dynamically Downscaled Atmospheric Water Budgets in Comparison with GRACE-Derived Observations

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fersch ◽  
Harald Kunstmann ◽  
András Bárdossy ◽  
Balaji Devaraju ◽  
Nico Sneeuw
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Flux Divergence ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided gravity-derived observations of variations in the terrestrial water storage. Because of the lack of suitable direct observations of large-scale water storage changes, a validation of the GRACE observations remains difficult. An approach that allows the evaluation of terrestrial water storage variations from GRACE by a comparison with those derived from aerologic water budgets using the atmospheric moisture flux divergence is presented. In addition to reanalysis products from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, high-resolution regional atmospheric simulations were produced with the Weather Research and Forecast modeling system (WRF) and validated against globally gridded observational data of precipitation and 2-m temperature. The study encompasses six different climatic and hydrographic regions: the Amazon basin, the catchments of Lena and Yenisei, central Australia, the Sahara, the Chad depression, and the Niger. Atmospheric-related uncertainty bounds based on the range of the ensemble of estimated terrestrial water storage variations were computed using different configurations of the regional climate model WRF and different global reanalyses. Atmospheric-related uncertainty ranges with those originating from the GRACE products of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, the Center for Space Research, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory were also compared. It is shown that dynamically downscaled atmospheric fields are able to add value to global reanalyses, depending on the geographical location of the considered catchments. Global and downscaled atmospheric water budgets are in reasonable agreement (r ≈ 0.7 − 0.9) with GRACE-derived terrestrial mass variations. However, atmospheric- and satellite-based approaches show shortcomings for regions with small storage change rates (<20–25 mm month−1).

scholarly journals Study on Water Storage Change and Its Consideration in Water Balance in the Mountain Regions over Arid Northwest China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Tien Shan Mountains ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Arid Northwest China

Changes in permafrost and glaciers influence water balance in mountain regions of arid northwest China. Terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) is an important factor in the water cycle. In this study, we used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites data to retrieve the TWSC in Tien Shan and Qi Lian Mountains. Variation of seasonal TWSC was obvious. However, the seasonal and annual differences reflected the imbalance of water resource distribution in two mountains. The TWSC decreased in the Tien Shan Mountains but increased in the Qi Lian Mountains during 2003 to 2010. Permafrost and glaciers play an important role in the water cycle in arid mountain regions. Demands for water for agriculture need more groundwater extraction for irrigation and glacial melt feeding the rivers which leads to the state of loss of TWSC in Tien Shan Mountains. Increase and thickening of the active layer of permafrost could lead to more infiltration of surface water into the groundwater, which result in increasing water storage and changes in the regional water balance. According to water balance, precipitation and evaporation changed little in short time, and TWSC changed obviously, whereas runoff showed an increasing trend in the Tien Shan Mountains and a decreasing trend in the Qi Lian Mountains.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Terrestrial Water Storage for Major Midlatitude River Basins

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne ◽  
Christoph Schär
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Seasonal And Interannual Variations

Abstract This paper presents a new diagnostic dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage for 37 midlatitude river basins in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. Terrestrial water storage is the sum of all forms of water storage on land surfaces, and its seasonal and interannual variations are in principle determined by soil moisture, groundwater, snow cover, and surface water. The dataset is derived with the combined atmospheric and terrestrial water-balance approach using conventional streamflow measurements and atmospheric moisture convergence data from the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40). A recent study for the Mississippi River basin (Seneviratne et al. 2004) has demonstrated the validity of this diagnostic approach and found that it agreed well with in situ observations in Illinois. The present study extends this previous analysis to other regions of the midlatitudes. A systematic analysis is presented of the slow drift that occurs with the water-balance approach. It is shown that the drift not only depends on the size of the catchment under consideration, but also on the geographical region and the underlying topography. The drift is in general not constant in time, but artificial inhomogeneities may result from changes in the global observing system used in the 44 yr of the reanalysis. To remove this time-dependent drift, a simple high-pass filter is applied. Validation of the results is conducted for several catchments with an appreciable coverage of in situ soil moisture and snow cover depth observations in the former Soviet Union, Mongolia, and China. Although the groundwater component is not accounted for in these observations, encouraging correlations are found between diagnostic and in situ estimates of terrestrial water storage, both for seasonal and interannual variations. Comparisons conducted against simulated ERA-40 terrestrial water storage variations suggest that the reanalysis substantially underestimates the amplitude of the seasonal cycle. The basin-scale water-balance (BSWB) dataset is available for download over the Internet. It constitutes a useful tool for the validation of climate models, large-scale land surface data assimilation systems, and indirect observations of terrestrial water storage variations.

Dynamics of Terrestrial Water Storage Change from Satellite and Surface Observations and Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Tang ◽  
Huilin Gao ◽  
Pat Yeh ◽  
Taikan Oki ◽  
Fengge Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Surface Observation ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Surface Observations

Abstract Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a fundamental component of the water cycle. On a regional scale, measurements of terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) are extremely scarce at any time scale. This study investigates the feasibility of estimating monthly-to-seasonal variations of regional TWSC from modeling and a combination of satellite and in situ surface observations based on water balance computations that use ground-based precipitation observations in both cases. The study area is the Klamath and Sacramento River drainage basins in the western United States (total area of about 110 000 km2). The TWSC from the satellite/surface observation–based estimates is compared with model results and land water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data. The results show that long-term evapotranspiration estimates and runoff measurements generally balance with observed precipitation, suggesting that the evapotranspiration estimates have relatively small bias for long averaging times. Observations show that storage change in water management reservoirs is about 12% of the seasonal amplitude of the TWSC cycle, but it can be up to 30% at the subbasin scale. Comparing with predevelopment conditions, the satellite/surface observation–based estimates show larger evapotranspiration and smaller runoff than do modeling estimates, suggesting extensive anthropogenic alteration of TWSC in the study area. Comparison of satellite/surface observation–based and GRACE TWSC shows that the seasonal cycle of terrestrial water storage is substantially underestimated by GRACE.

scholarly journals Basin-scale water-balance dataset (BSWB): an update

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Large River ◽  
Terrestrial Water Storage ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Land Surfaces

Abstract. This paper presents an update of a basin-scale diagnostic dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage for large river basins worldwide (BSWB v2016, doi:10.5905/ethz-1007-58). Terrestrial water storage comprises all forms of water storage on land surfaces, and its seasonal and inter-annual variations are mostly determined by soil moisture, groundwater, snow cover, and surface water. The presented dataset is derived using a combined atmospheric and terrestrial water-balance approach with conventional streamflow measurements and re-analysis data of atmospheric moisture flux convergence. It extends a previous existing version of the dataset (Mueller et al., 2011) temporally and spatially.

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