scholarly journals Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids,α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids, and benzoic acid in urban aerosols collected during the 2006 Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing (CAREBeijing-2006)

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (D19) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
Steven Sai Hang Ho ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Eri Tachibana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Urban Aerosols

scholarly journals Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> aerosol collected during CAREBeijing-2007: an effect of traffic restriction on air quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 3111-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
R.-J. Huang ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
E. Tachibana ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. Thirty water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids and benzoic acid were determined as well as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 samples collected during the Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing 2007 (CAREBeijing-2007) in the urban and suburban areas of Beijing. The objective of this study is to identify the influence of traffic emissions and regional transport to the atmosphere in Beijing during summer. PM2.5 samples collected with or without traffic restriction in Beijing are selected to evaluate the effectiveness of local traffic restriction measures on air pollution reduction. The average concentrations of the total quantified bifunctional organic compounds (TQBOCs), total fatty acids and benzoic acid during the entire sampling period were 1184±241, 597±159 and 1496±511 ng m−3 in Peking University (PKU), and 1050±303, 475±114 and 1278±372 ng m−3 in Yufa, Beijing. Oxalic acid (C2) was found as the most abundant dicarboxylic acid at PKU and Yufa followed by phthalic acid (Ph). A strong even carbon number predominance with the highest level at stearic acid (C18:0), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) was found for fatty acids. According to the back trajectories modeling results, the air masses were found to originate mainly from the northeast, passing over the southeast or south of Beijing (heavily populated, urbanized and industrialized areas), during heavier pollution events, whereas they are mainly from the north or northwest sector (mountain areas without serious anthropogenic pollution sources) during less pollution events. The data with wind only from the same sector (minimizing the difference from regional contribution) but with and without traffic restriction in Beijing were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of local traffic restriction measures on the reduction of local air pollution in Beijing. The results suggested that the traffic restriction measures can reduce the air pollutants, but the decrease of pollutants is generally smaller in Yufa compared to that in PKU. Moreover, an enhancement of EC value indicates more elevated primary emissions in Yufa during restriction periods than in non-restriction periods. This study demonstrates that even when primary exhaust was controlled by traffic restriction, the contribution of secondary organic species formed from photochemical processes was critical with long-range atmospheric transport of pollutants.

scholarly journals Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> aerosol collected during CAREBeijing-2007: an effect of traffic restriction on air quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 14855-14887 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
R.-J. Huang ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
E. Tachibana ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Species

Abstract. Thirty water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids, and benzoic acid were determined as well as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 samples collected during the Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing 2007 (CAREBeijing-2007) in the urban and suburban areas of Beijing. The objective of this study is to identify the influence of traffic emissions and regional transport to the atmosphere in Beijing during summer. PM2.5 samples collected with or without traffic restriction in Beijing are selected to evaluate the effectiveness of local traffic restriction measure on air pollution reduction. The average concentrations of the total quantified bifunctional organic compounds (TQBOC), total fatty acids and benzoic acid during the entire sampling period were 1184 ± 241 ng m−3, 597 ± 159 ng m−3 and 1496 ± 511ng m−3 in PKU, and 1050 ± 303 ng m−3, 475 ± 114 ng m−3 and 1278 ± 372 ng m−3 in Yufa. Oxalic acid (C2) was found as the most abundant dicarboxylic acid at PKU and Yufa, followed by phthalic acid (Ph). A strong even carbon number predominance with the highest level at palmitic acid (C16:0), followed by stearic acid (C18:0) was found for fatty acids. According to the back trajectories modeling results, the air masses were found to originate mainly from northeast, passing over southeast or south of Beijing (heavily populated, urbanized and industrialized areas), during heavier pollution events, whereas they are mainly from north or northwest sector (mountain areas without serious anthropogenic pollution sources) during cleaner events. The data with wind only from the same sector (minimizing the difference from regional contribution) but with and without traffic restriction in Beijing were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of local traffic restriction measure on the reduction of local air pollution in Beijing. The results suggested that the "traffic restriction" measure can reduce the air pollutants, but the decrease of pollutants is generally smaller in Yufa compared to that in PKU. Moreover, an enhancement of elemental carbon (EC) value indicates elevated primary emissions in Yufa during restriction period than non-restriction period. This study demonstrates that even when primary exhaust was controlled by traffic restriction, the contribution of secondary organic species formed from photochemical processes was critical with long-range atmospheric transport of pollutants.

scholarly journals Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 26677-26703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. S. H. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
S. C. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
River Region

Abstract. Ground-based PM2.5 samples collected in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during winter and summer (from 14 December 2006 to 28 January 2007 in winter and from 4 July 2007 to 9 August 2007 in summer) were analyzed for 30 water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, nine fatty acids, and benzoic acid. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids demonstrated that oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid (Ph) in PRD region. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids ranged from 99 to 1340 ng m−3, with an average of 438 ± 267 ng m−3 in PRD. The concentrations of total ketocarboxylic acids ranged from 0.6 to 207 ng m−3 (43 ± 48 ng m−3 on average) while the concentrations of total α-dicarbonyls, including glyoxal and methylglyoxal, ranged from 0.2 to 89 ng m−3, with an average of 11 ± 18 ng m−3 in PRD. The total quantified water-soluble organic carbon (TQWOC) accounted for 3.4 ± 2.2% of OC and 14.3 ± 10.3% of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the three most abundant fatty acids in PRD. The distributions of fatty acids are characterized by a strong even carbon number predominance with a maximum (Cmax) at hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). Ratio of C18:1 to C18:0 acts as an indicator for aerosol aging. In PRD, an average of C18:1/C18:0 ratio was 0.53 ± 0.39, suggesting an enhanced photochemical degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. Seasonal variations of the pollutant concentrations were found in the four sampling cities. Higher concentrations of TQWOC were observed in winter (544 ng m−3) than in summer (318 ng m−3). However, the abundances of TQWOC in OC mass were higher in summer (1.8–12.4%, 5.4% on average) than in winter (1.1–5.7, 2.6% on average), being consistent with enhanced secondary production of dicarboxylic acids in warmer weather. Spatial variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids were characterized by higher concentrations in Hong Kong and lower concentrations Guangzhou (GZ)/Zhaoqing (ZQ) during winter whereas highest concentrations were observed in GZ/ZQ during summer. These spatial and seasonal distributions are consistent with photochemical production and the subsequent accumulation under different meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Summer and winter variations of dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and benzoic acid in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Pearl Delta River Region, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2197-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ho ◽  
S. S. H. Ho ◽  
S. C. Lee ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
S. C. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
River Region

Abstract. Ground-based PM2.5 samples collected at four different sites in Pearl River Delta region (PRD) during winter and summer (from 14 December 2006 to 28 January 2007 in winter and from 4 July to 9 August 2007 in summer) were analyzed for 30 water-soluble organic species, including dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, nine fatty acids, and benzoic acid. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids demonstrated that oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid (Ph) in PRD region. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids ranged from 99 to 1340 ng m−3, with an average of 438 ± 267 ng m−3 in PRD. The concentrations of total ketocarboxylic acids ranged from 0.6 to 207 ng m−3 (43 ± 48 ng m−3 on average) while the concentrations of total α-dicarbonyls, including glyoxal and methylglyoxal, ranged from 0.2 to 89 ng m−3, with an average of 11 ± 18 ng m−3 in PRD. The total quantified water-soluble compounds (TQWOC) (organic carbon) accounted for 3.4 ± 2.2% of OC and 14.3 ± 10.3% of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the three most abundant fatty acids in PRD. The distributions of fatty acids were characterized by a strong even carbon number predominance with a maximum (Cmax) at hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). Ratio of C18:1 to C18:0 acts as an indicator for aerosol aging. In PRD, an average of C18:1/C18:0 ratio was 0.53 ± 0.39, suggesting an enhanced photochemical degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. Moreover, the concentrations of benzoic acid ranged from 84 to 306 ng m−3, (165 ± 48 ng m−3 on average), which can be emitted as primary pollutant from motor vehicles exhaust, or formed from photochemical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Seasonal variations of the organic specie concentrations were found in the four sampling cities. Higher concentrations of TQWOC were observed in winter (598 ± 321 ng m−3) than in summer (372 ± 215 ng m−3). However, the abundances of TQWOC in OC mass were higher in summer (0.9–12.4%, 4.5 ± 2.7% on average) than in winter (1.1–5.7, 2.5 ± 1.2% on average), being consistent with enhanced secondary production of dicarboxylic acids in warmer weather. Spatial variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids were characterized by higher concentrations in Hong Kong and lower concentrations in Guangzhou (GZ)/Zhaoqing (ZQ) during winter whereas the highest concentrations were observed in GZ/ZQ during summer. These spatial and seasonal distributions are consistent with photochemical production and the subsequent accumulation under different meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals III. Peroxisomal β-oxidation, PPARα, and steatohepatitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. G1333-G1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janardan K. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidation Chain ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Oxidation System ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Peroxisomes are involved in the β-oxidation chain shortening of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, long-chain dicarboxylyl-CoAs, the CoA esters of eicosanoids, 2-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs, and the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates, and in the process, they generate H2O2. There are two complete sets of β-oxidation enzymes present in peroxisomes, with each set consisting of three distinct enzymes. The classic PPARα-regulated and inducible set participates in the β-oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids, whereas the second noninducible set acts on branched-chain fatty acids. Long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids are also metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 CYP4A ω-oxidation system to dicarboxylic acids that serve as substrates for peroxisomal β-oxidation. Evidence derived from mouse models of PPARα and peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency highlights the critical importance of the defects in PPARα-inducible β-oxidation in energy metabolism and in the development of steatohepatitis.

scholarly journals Royal Jelly Aliphatic Acids Contribute to Antimicrobial Activity of Honey

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walerij Isidorow ◽  
Stanisław Witkowski ◽  
Piotr Iwaniuk ◽  
Monika Zambrzycka ◽  
Izabela Swiecicka
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Aliphatic Acids

Abstract Honey is valued for its therapeutic qualities which are attributed among others to its antibacterial multifactorial properties. However, all the factors that influence these properties have not been identified. The present study is focused on the antibacterial action of fatty acids originating from royal jelly, the larval food of honeybees. Aliphatic C8-C12 acids characteristic of this bee product had previously been identified in more than fifty different samples of honey originating from seven countries and in eleven samples of Polish herbhoney. Experiments were performed to ascertain the influence of acidity on the antimicrobial activity of the acids. In acidic nutrient media all tested aliphatic hydroxyacids and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids demonstrated antibacterial action against different microbes with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.048 and 3.125 mM. Our results confirm that part of the antibacterial activity of honey contributes to these compounds of bee origin.

3-hydroxydecanedioic acid and related homologues: urinary metabolites in ketoacidosis.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Greter ◽  
S Lindstedt ◽  
H Seeman ◽  
G Steen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Hexanedioic Acid

Abstract Urine from patients with ketoacidosis was found to contain a number of aliphatic 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids. The acids were purified by silicic acid chromatography and their structures determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of different derivatives. The major compound was 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid. Minor compounds were 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid, 3-hydroxyoctenedioic acid, 3-hydroxydecenedioic acid, 3-hydroxydodecanedioic acid, 3-hydroxydodecenedioic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecenedioic acid, and 3-hydroxytetradecadienedioic acid. The excretion of 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid correlated positively with the excretion of hexanedioic acid, another metabolite constantly found in ketoacidosis (Pettersen et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 38: 17-24, 1972). We suggest that the 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids are formed from fatty acids by a combination of omega-oxidation and incomplete beta-oxidation.

Interferences with potentiometry of CO2 in the Ektachem 400 Analyzer.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Steelman ◽  
C H Smith ◽  
A Menon ◽  
B T Thach ◽  
R E Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Saline Solutions

Abstract We have investigated the Kodak Ektachem 400 Analyzer procedure for CO2 for interferences from benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and several compounds structurally similar to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid in plasma, at concentrations found in neonates intoxicated with benzyl alcohol, caused a large increase in the results for CO2, as did substantially above-normal concentrations of certain fatty acids and keto-acids, and toxic concentrations of aspirin. We observed a correlation between increasing benzoic acid concentrations (up to 17 mmol/L) and falsely increasing CO2 values (greater than 47 mmol/L) obtained with the Ektachem Analyzer for samples from a neonate in the intensive-care unit, who was receiving benzyl alcohol-preserved saline solutions. Although the Ektachem CO2 procedure is simple and rapid, and in most cases accurate, questionable results are occasionally encountered, as indicated by a low anion gap or a measured CO2 exceeding that calculated from blood gas measurements. Such results require the use of another method for verification.

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