Water Use Dynamics in Double Cropping of Rainfed Upland Rice and Irrigated Melons Produced Under Drought‐Prone Tropical Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 4110-4127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morillas ◽  
S. V. Hund ◽  
M. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Rainfed Upland

Field measurements of water use for irrigation control in Kenya coffee

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Evaporation Pan

The paper presents the results of 10 years of soil moisture studies in arabica coffee in high altitude tropical conditions. Very deep soils and contrasting wet and dry seasons give unusually favourable conditions for soil moisture measurements.Volumetric measurements on soil cores are reported for 10 ft. depth of soil, which is shown to include most of the root system of arabica coffee, and holds 48 in. of water under field conditions when active drainage has ceased. This is shown to correspond to a soil moisture tension of 1/3 atm. Of the 48 in. of water only 12 are available to plants. Wilting points determined by sunflower seedlings on soil samples to 15 ft. depth are shown to agree well with field sampling under wilting conditions in coffee plantations.A series of seasonal factors relating the water use of the coffee crop to the readings of an evaporation pan are presented, and their application over 6 years is shown to check with soil sampling data within the limits of sampling error. This method is proposed for control of supplementary irrigation under conditions of limited water supply, but a distillation-type radiation integrator can with advantage replace the evaporation pan.The balance of the hydrological equation for this crop is demonstrated in each of the 6 years.

scholarly journals Application of a Dielectric Measurement Technique for Calculating Water Loss from Two Texture-contrasting Soils Grown with Upland Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Bandi Hermawan ◽  
Pajrina Pajrina ◽  
Sumardi Sumardi ◽  
Indra Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Loamy Sand

Most of the water loss from the soil profile occurred through the evapotranspiration process especially when the plant covers were under maximum growth periods.  This study aimed to apply a technique of measuring a dielectric variable for calculating soil water content and crop water use in the coarse and medium textured soils grown with upland rice.  A couple of wires were inserted into the soil repacked in a 10-kg polybag grown with upland rice, the electrical impedance representing the dielectric value was measured using an instrument called the impedance meter.  The impedance values were converted into the soil water content using a nonlinear regression model of ? = a.ebZ where a and b were constants.  Results showed that the proposed technique of measuring the electrical impedance has successfully been applied to calculate the soil water content and the water use by upland rice grown in loamy sand and sandy loam soils.  Cumulative water loss from loamy sand was about 4 L plant-1 higher for the coarse loamy sand in the first 30 days of a measurement period, but about 10 L plant-1 higher for finer sandy loam on the 90th day of the rice growth period.  Higher biomass of upland rice in the sandy loam soil could increase the evapotranspiration rates and be the main reason for higher water use in this soil.

scholarly journals Water-efficient rice performances under drought stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-863
Author(s):  
Didi Darmadi ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Supijatno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency

<abstract> <p>The use of varieties that are able to adapt well to extreme environments is one strategy to overcome the challenges of decreasing production in sub-optimal land. Indonesian tropical rice varieties (Jatiluhur, IPB 9G, IPB 3S, Hipa 19, Mentik Wangi, Ciherang, Inpari 17, and Mekongga) have been tested and established as water-used-efficient varieties in an optimal environment. However, to date, these varieties have not been examined in the suboptimal area, in particular, drought stress conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the adaptation response of production, morphological, and physiological character of several water-efficient rice varieties under drought stress in the field. The study was designed in a split-plot with two factors and 4 replications, where the first factor (main plot) was drought stress stages i.e. vegetative (Dv), reproductive (Dr), generative (Dg), and control (Dc). The second factor was rice varieties, consisting of eight varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, IPB 3S, IPB 9G, Hipa 19, Mentik Wangi, Ciherang, Inpari 17, and Mekongga. The experiment was conducted from May to December 2018 in Muneng Kidul Village, Probolinggo Regency, East Java Province. The experimental variables were morphology, production, leaf scrolling score during drought stress, drought sensitivity index, water use efficiency, physiology and root anatomy. The result showed that upland rice varieties were more tolerant to drought stress and had a higher water use efficiency than lowland rice varieties. This shows that Jatiluhur and IPB 9G which are indicated to be adaptive to drought stress, and have the ability to regulate water use more efficiently when drought stress occurs. Therefore, water use efficiency could be used as selection characters under drought conditions in rice particularly tropical upland rice. Moreover, morphological characters, i.e., grain yiled per plot, weight of pithy grain, weight of shoot biomass and weight of roots could be the selection characters to predict drought tolerant tropical rice. According to physiological characters, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, proline content, malondialdehyde content, leaf water potential and leaf greenness could be used as a selection tool to predict water use efficient genotypes in rice. However, further studies are needed to understand the complex mechanisms of water use efficiency by combining various approaches.</p> </abstract>

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