Property rights and water markets in Australia: An evolutionary process toward institutional reform

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Pigram
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Water Markets

Customary Rights of Farmers in Neoliberal India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophy K. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Customary Rights ◽  
The Impact

The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001, promises to balance the intellectual property rights of plant breeders and farmers under one umbrella legislation. However, there remain several grey areas and the rights of farmers, in reality, are still tenuous. Though the rights framework was foregrounded on an understanding between non-governmental organizations and industry, there is lack of clarity at both conceptual and procedural levels. In this context, Sophy K. Joseph analyses the impact of legal policy reforms during the ongoing Second Green Revolution on farmers’ customary rights and livelihood. The author discusses how the extension of private property rights to plant varieties, seeds, and other agrarian resources changed the demographic composition of the rural space, with increased migration of cultivators to the cities. The book argues that the transition from state interventionism (during the First Green Revolution), to state abstention (in the Second Green Revolution) has dramatically influenced India’s conventional agrarian practices and traditions. This work maps the evolutionary process of neoliberal economic and legal policies and its interference with primary concerns such as food security, food sovereignty, and agrarian self-reliance of the country.

Property rights and domestication

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Lueck ◽  
Gustavo Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Archeological Evidence

AbstractThis paper combines the property rights approach of Barzel with models from renewable resource and evolutionary economics to examine the domestication of wild animals. Wild animals are governed by weak property rights to stocks and individuals while domesticated animals are governed by private ownership of stocks and individuals. The complex evolutionary process of domestication can be viewed as a conversion of wild populations into private property, as well as a transition from natural selection to economic selection controlled by owners of populations and individuals. In our framework domestication is not the explicit goal of any economic agent, but it emerges as a long-run outcome of an innovation in hunting strategies in a hunter–gatherer society. Our formal model also suggests that the domestication process moves slowly at first but then proceeds rapidly, and is aligned with the archeological evidence on domestication events.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL TRAPS OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY MARKET-ORIENTED REFORMING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hrazevska ◽  
Andrii avazhenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Institutional Traps

Institutional traps that emerge as sustainable, self-supporting, ineffective institutions that have a destructive effect on the relations among economic entities within and outside the economic system are one of the manifestations of the institutional dysfunctions of market reform in post-socialist countries. Therefore, securing the exit of transformational economies from institutional traps is an important precondition for improving state regulation of market-oriented institutional transformations. The article describes the nature and peculiarities of institutional traps, outlines the basic prerequisites for their emergence and consolidation in the process of post-soviet development of Ukraine. The destructive impact of institutional traps on the national economy, which refers to increase in transactional costs, the deterioration of the investment climate, the growth of the shadow sector of the economy, the decrease in the level of competitiveness of economic entities and the reduce of public welfare have been proved. Several agendas for institutional reform of national economy that designed to release country from institutional trap are characterized including evolutionary scenario, which is based on gradual institutional development, and revolutionary scenario that refers to active institutional reform. The authors hypothesized about negative impact of low quality of social capital, insecurity of property rights, lack of transparency in public finance, the inefficiency of the judicial system on Ukrainian economy is elaborated. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a theoretical and econometric study of the main factors of corruption as an institutional trap of the market-oriented reform of Ukrainian economy were conducted. Policy implications related to exit from the specified institutional trap are formulated including implementation of effective state policy aimed at accumulation and extended reproduction of social capital, clear specification and protection of property rights etc.

A tale of two water markets in Australia: lessons for understanding participation in formal water markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ann Wheeler ◽  
Dustin E Garrick
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
Initial Property ◽  
Compliance Requirements

Abstract Water markets are promoted as a demand-management strategy for addressing water scarcity. Although there is an increasing literature on the institutional preconditions required for successful formal water markets, there has been less focus on understanding what drives participation after establishment of the basic enabling conditions. Participation can be measured in terms of either trading activity (conducting either a permanent or temporary water trade) and/or trade volumes across time and market products. Australia’s water markets in the Southern and Northern Basins of the Murray-Darling Basin provide a notable example of a ‘tale of two water markets’, offering insights about the economic policy levers that can drive participation across different hydrological, irrigation, and socioeconomic contexts. Key lessons include: distribution of initial property rights in resource allocation; the need to prepare for and seize opportunities to strengthen property rights; and robust monitoring and compliance requirements—all of which will reduce transaction costs and increase participation.

40-year reform of farmland institution in China: target, effort and the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biliang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Land Property Rights

Purpose Based on the brief historical review, the purpose of this paper is to expound the target and bottom line for the farmland institutional reform of in China, analyze the “Chinese scenes” and historical heritage of farmland institutional arrangement, evaluate the policies and their effects over the last four decades and outline the keynotes and possible direction of the future reform. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds the analytical clue of “institutional target – institutional heritage – policy effort – realistic dilemma – future direction” and review and forecast the Chinese farmland institutional reform. Findings The farmland institution is an important issue with Chinese characteristics. Over the last four decades, the farmland institutional reform in China has focused on “stabilizing the land property rights” and “promote the farmland transfer.” As the study indicates, the promotion of farmland transfer has not effectively improved the scale economy of agriculture and stabilizing land property rights by titling may restrain the development of farmland transfer market because farmland transfer is of special market logic. Originality/value It depends on the revitalization of farmland management rights to resolve the transaction constraint of personal property and its endowment effect in farmland transfer. And, classifying the land management property to involve farmers into the economy of division can be reference for the reform of traditional agriculture worldwide.

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