scholarly journals Nasa experiment on tropospheric-stratospheric water vapor transport in the intertropical convergence zone, Guest Editorial

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Page
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapor

scholarly journals Water vapor transport in cases of South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e456101321256
Author(s):  
José Felipe Gazel Menezes ◽  
Enilson Palmeira Cavalcanti ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Margalho ◽  
Leticia Karyne da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Matheus Richard Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
South Atlantic Convergence Zone ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Belo Horizonte

This case study analyzes water vapor flux that is vertically integrated into the atmosphere in episodes of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). The scope of this study is two cases that occurred between January and February 2018. We use the ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to build the maps of vertically integrated water vapor flux and its divergence. We use two 5º by 5º sub-areas, centralized over Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, as control for water vapor balance. The results point to the existence of water vapor transport from the Amazon region to Southeastern Brazil in association to the SACZ. Convergence areas of vertically integrated water vapor flux predominate along the Northwest-Southeast line. The two cases over the Belo Horizonte area presented an average of water vapor balance of -1.8 and -12.9 mm/day. The average at the São Paulo area was -3.6 and 2.0 mm/day. The negative values indicate that precipitation exceeded evapotranspiration, that is, the area served as a water vapor sink.

scholarly journals Extreme Floods in the Eastern Part of Europe: Large-Scale Drivers and Associated Impacts

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Viorica Nagavciuc
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

The role of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in producing heavy rainfall events and floods in the eastern part of Europe, with a special focus on the Siret and Prut catchment areas (Romania), is analyzed in this study. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the socio-economic impacts of the most extreme flood events (e.g., July 2008, June–July 2010, and June 2020) is given. Analysis of the largest flood events indicates that the flood peaks have been preceded up to 6 days in advance by intrusions of high Potential Vorticity (PV) anomalies toward the southeastern part of Europe, persistent cut-off lows over the analyzed region, and increased water vapor transport over the catchment areas of Siret and Prut Rivers. The vertically integrated water vapor transport prior to the flood peak exceeds 300 kg m−1 s−1, leading to heavy rainfall events. We also show that the implementation of the Flood Management Plan in Romania had positive results during the 2020 flood event compared with the other flood events, when the authorities took several precaution measurements that mitigated in a better way the socio-economic impact and risks of the flood event. The results presented in this study offer new insights regarding the importance of large-scale atmospheric circulation and water vapor transport as drivers of extreme flooding in the eastern part of Europe and could lead to a better flood forecast and flood risk management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Intense Poleward Water Vapor Transports into High Latitudes of Western North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Roberge ◽  
John R. Gyakum ◽  
Eyad H. Atallah
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
North America ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Subtropical Oceans ◽  
Pineapple Express

Abstract Significant cool season precipitation along the western coast of North America is often associated with intense water vapor transport (IWVT) from the Pacific Ocean during favorable synoptic-scale flow regimes. These relatively narrow and intense regions of water vapor transport can originate in either the tropical or subtropical oceans, and sometimes have been referred to as Pineapple Express events in previous literature when originating near Hawaii. However, the focus of this paper will be on diagnosing the synoptic-scale signatures of all significant water vapor transport events associated with poleward moisture transport impacting the western coast of Canada, regardless of the exact points of origin of the associated atmospheric river. A trajectory analysis is used to partition the events as a means of creating coherent and meaningful synoptic-scale composites. The results indicate that these IWVT events can be clustered by the general area of origin of the majority of the saturated parcels impacting British Columbia and the Yukon Territories. IWVT events associated with more zonal trajectories are characterized by a strong and mature Aleutian low, whereas IWVT events associated with more meridional trajectories are often characterized by an anticyclone situated along the California or Oregon coastline, and a relatively mature poleward-traveling cyclone, commonly originating in the central North Pacific.

A Theoretical Model of Localized Heat and Water Vapor Transport in the Human Respiratory Tract

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Hanna ◽  
P. W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract

A steady-state, one-dimensional theoretical model of human respiratory heat and water vapor transport is developed. Local mass transfer coefficients measured in a cast replica of the upper respiratory tract are incorporated into the model along with heat transfer coefficients determined from the Chilton-Colburn analogy and from data in the literature. The model agrees well with reported experimental measurements and predicts that the two most important parameters of the human air-conditioning process are: 1) the blood temperature distribution along the airway walls, and 2) the total cross-sectional area and perimeter of the nasal cavity. The model also shows that the larynx and pharynx can actually gain water over a respiratory cycle and are the regions of the respiratory tract most subject to drying. With slight modification, the model can be used to investigate respiratory heat and water vapor transport in high stress environments, pollutant gas uptake in the respiratory tract, and the connection between respiratory air-conditioning and the function of the mucociliary escalator.

Modulation of coupled modes of Tibetan Plateau heating and Indian Summer Monsoon on summer rainfall over Central Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport

Abstract It has been suggested that summer rainfall over Central Asia (CA) is significantly correlated with the summer thermal distribution of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). However, relatively few studies have investigated their synergistic effects of different distribution. This study documents the significant correlations between precipitation in CA and the diabatic heating of TP and the ISM based on the results of statistical analysis and numerical simulation. Precipitation in CA is is dominated by two water vapor transport branches from the south which are related to the two primary modes of anomalous diabatic heating distribution related to the TP and ISM precipitation, that is, the “+-” dipole mode in the southeastern TP and the Indian subcontinent (IS), and the “+-+” tripole mode in the southeastern TP, the IS, and southern India. Both modes exhibit obvious mid-latitude Silk Road pattern (SRP) wave trains with cyclone anomalies over CA, but with different transient and stationary eddies over south Asia. The different locations of anomalous anticyclones over India govern two water vapor transport branches to CA, which are from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The water vapor flux climbs while being transported northward and can be transported to CA with the cooperation of cyclonic circulation. The convergent water vapor and ascending motion caused by cyclonic anomalies favor the precipitation in CA. Further analysis corroborates the negative South Indian Ocean Dipole (NSIOD) in February could affect the tripole mode distribution of TP heating and ISM via the atmospheric circulation, water vapor transport and an anomalous Hadley cell circulation. The results indicate a reliable prediction reference for precipitation in CA.

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