210Pb and137Cs in air and soils measure the rate and vertical profile of aerosol scavenging

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (D13) ◽  
pp. 14355 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Graustein ◽  
Karl K. Turekian
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Aerosol Scavenging

Conception of vadose zone research in the area of Goczałkowice reservoir.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Joanna Czekaj ◽  
Kamil Trepka
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Research Site ◽  
Observation Wells

Abstract Goczałkowice reservoir is one of the main source of drinking water for Upper Silesia Region. In reference to Water Frame Directive matter since 2010 the strategic research project: „Integrated system supporting management and protection of dammed reservoir (ZiZoZap)”, which is being conducted on Goczałkowice reservoir, has been pursued. In the framework of this project complex groundwater monitoring is carried on. One aspect is vadose zone research, conducted to obtain information about changes in chemical composition of infiltrating water and mass transport within this zone. Based on historical data and the structural model of direct catchment of Goczałkowice reservoir location of the vadose zone research site was selected. At the end of November 2012 specially designed lysimeter was installed with 10 MacroRhizon samplers at each lithological variation in unsaturated zone. This lysimeter, together with nested observation wells, located in the direct proximity, create the vadose zone research site which main aim is specifying the amount of nitrate transport in the vertical profile.

Can the mass balance of the entire glacier area of the Tien Shan be estimated?

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
M.B. Dyurgerov ◽  
M.G. Kunakhovitch ◽  
V.N. Mikhalenko ◽  
A. M. Sokalskaya ◽  
V. A. Kuzmichenok
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Boundary Area

The total area of glacierization of the Tien Shan in the boundary area of the USSR is about 8000 km2. The computation of mass balance was determined for this area in 12 river basins.In computation procedure, the vertical profile of snow accumulation in these regions and exponential dependence of variation of ablation with altitude are used. Thus the mass balance in each basin, bn, was calculated on the basis of these curves and represented in its relation with the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). It is shown that the relation ELA = f(bn) is linear when the range of bn values is close to zero, and in all altitude intervals this relation can be described by hypsographic curves, in all basins bn positive up to an ELA elevation of 3450 to 3500 m a.s.l. For average annual altitude of ELA, bn is negative for all regions. So the glaciers of these mountains add about 4 km3 of water to the total annual runoff.

scholarly journals Evaluation of P-Band SAR Tomography for Mapping Tropical Forest Vertical Backscatter and Tree Height

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Naveen Ramachandran ◽  
Sassan Saatchi ◽  
Stefano Tebaldini ◽  
Mauro Mariotti d’Alessandro ◽  
Onkar Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Slope Correction ◽  
Compensation Approach ◽  
The Impact

Low-frequency tomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) techniques provide an opportunity for quantifying the dynamics of dense tropical forest vertical structures. Here, we compare the performance of different TomoSAR processing, Back-projection (BP), Capon beamforming (CB), and MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC), and compensation techniques for estimating forest height (FH) and forest vertical profile from the backscattered echoes. The study also examines how polarimetric measurements in linear, compact, hybrid, and dual circular modes influence parameter estimation. The tomographic analysis was carried out using P-band data acquired over the Paracou study site in French Guiana, and the quantitative evaluation was performed using LiDAR-based canopy height measurements taken during the 2009 TropiSAR campaign. Our results show that the relative root mean squared error (RMSE) of height was less than 10%, with negligible systematic errors across the range, with Capon and MUSIC performing better for height estimates. Radiometric compensation, such as slope correction, does not improve tree height estimation. Further, we compare and analyze the impact of the compensation approach on forest vertical profiles and tomographic metrics and the integrated backscattered power. It is observed that radiometric compensation increases the backscatter values of the vertical profile with a slight shift in local maxima of the canopy layer for both the Capon and the MUSIC estimators. Our results suggest that applying the proper processing and compensation techniques on P-band TomoSAR observations from space will allow the monitoring of forest vertical structure and biomass dynamics.

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