scholarly journals Asymptotic cones of acceptance of cosmic ray neutron monitors in a geomagnetic field distorted by the solar wind

1965 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Razdan ◽  
Audrey L. Summers
1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S809-S811 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Dorman ◽  
S. Fischer

Employing the data from cosmic-ray neutron monitors at high latitude, the spatial distribution of the axis of the diurnal anisotropy is determined. The effects of the earth's revolution around the sun on the diurnal intensity variation is investigated. A new method for further investigation of the spatial distribution of the anisotropy and for the determination of its spectra in various directions has been proposed.


1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S614-S616 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Chirkov ◽  
G. F. Krymsky ◽  
A. I. Kuzmin

Diurnal and semidiurnal variations of the data from the worldwide network of neutron monitors during 1958 are analyzed using the receiving-vector method. It is shown that there exists an "antisymmetric" diurnal variation, i.e., a variation with opposite phases in the northern and southern hemispheres. After correction for the distortion due to the geomagnetic field, it is found that this variation has an amplitude of 0.03% and an hour of maximum at 21.5 hours in the northern hemisphere. If the variation is due to cosmic-ray screening in the interplanetary magnetic field, this field must have a slope of 7° with respect to the solar equatorial plane.


Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minze Stuiver ◽  
Paul D Quay

Natural atmospheric 14C changes are caused by fluctuations in upper atmospheric 14C production rates (Q) that are related to earth geomagnetic field variations and changes in solar wind magnetic shielding properties. Climate variability may also be responsible for some of the changes because it influences exchange rates of 14C between the various terrestrial carbon reservoirs.Upper atmospheric 14C production rates QM, in at/sec cm2 (earth), were calculated for the past 1200 years from the atmospheric 14C record and a carbon reservoir model. The changes in QM are compared in detail with the predicted Q variability derived from an Aa solar modulation mechanism and 20th century neutron flux observations. The influence of earth geomagnetic field changes on the magnitude of the solar wind modulation is discussed, and it is shown that the variations in this magnitude agree with the known differences in earth magnetic field intensity during the past 1200 years. The larger calculated QM oscillations during the sixth millennium bp also agree with this concept.Solar wind magnetic as well as geomagnetic forces modulate the incoming cosmic ray flux and explain the main features of the atmospheric 14C record. It is argued that climatic fluctuation is not a dominant cause.The oscillations between 3200 and 3700 BC, as measured by de Jong, Mook, and Becker, differ in rise time from those found for the current millennium.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Chukwudi Okpala

The average characteristics of year-to-year variability of Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux measured in one mid-latitude neutron monitor stations (Newark) and high latitude station (Apatity) have been studied under different planetary disturbance (Kp) conditions. The year-to-year variability which oscillates in response to solar cycle was analyzed using Fourier technique and the amplitude of variation was obtained using data for 1980–2005. There is a noticeable trend in the difference between the amplitudes of the year-to-year variation of the two stations. The difference is highest during low Kp conditions and lowest during high Kp condition. There is generally lesser association of GCR with solar wind (SW) flow pressure and density as the Kp index increases. Similar feature is observed with the interplanetary magnetic field IMF (total). These observations have important implications for our present understanding of the effect of solar activity to variability in GCR flux.


2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3063-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. W. Langner ◽  
M. S. Potgieter

Abstract. The interest in the role of the solar wind termination shock and heliosheath in cosmic ray modulation studies has increased significantly as the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft approach the estimated position of the solar wind termination shock. The effect of the solar wind termination shock on charge-sign dependent modulation, as is experienced by galactic cosmic ray Helium (He++) and anomalous Helium (He+), is the main topic of this work, and is complementary to the previous work on protons, anti-protons, electrons, and positrons. The modulation of galactic and anomalous Helium is studied with a numerical model including a more fundamental and comprehensive set of diffusion coefficients, a solar wind termination shock with diffusive shock acceleration, a heliosheath and particle drifts. The model allows a comparison of modulation with and without a solar wind termination shock and is applicable to a number of cosmic ray species during both magnetic polarity cycles of the Sun. The modulation of Helium, including an anomalous component, is also done to establish charge-sign dependence at low energies. We found that the heliosheath is important for cosmic ray modulation and that its effect on modulation is very similar for protons and Helium. The local Helium interstellar spectrum may not be known at energies


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-478
Author(s):  
J. Marvin Herndon

Earth’s magnetic field acts as a shield, protecting life and our electrically-based infrastructure from the rampaging, charged-particle solar wind. In the geologic past, the geomagnetic field has collapsed, with or without polarity reversal, and inevitably it will again. The potential consequences of geomagnetic collapse have not only been greatly underestimated, but governments, scientists, and the public have been deceived as to the underlying science. Instead of trying to refute or advance a paradigm shift that occurred in 1979, global geoscientists, individuals and institutions, chose to function as a cartel and continued to promote their very-flawed concepts that had their origin in the 1930s and 1940s, consequently wasting vast amounts of taxpayer-provided research money, and making no meaningful advances or understanding. Here, from a first person perspective, I describe the logical progression of understanding from that paradigm shift, review the advances made and their concomitant implications, and touch upon a few of the many efforts that were made to deceive government officials, scientists, and the public. It is worrisome that geoscientists almost universally have engaged in suppressing or ignoring sound scientific advances, including those with potentially adverse implications for humanity. All of this suggests that the entire institutional structure of the geophysical sciences, funding, institutions, and bureaucracies should be radically reformed.


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