Effect of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse on induction of platelet aggregation by oral bacteria in vitro

AbstractManuka oil, an essential oil derived from the Leptospermum scoparium, has been traditionally used for wound care and as a topical antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. However, the essential oil is not well retained at mucosal sites, such as the oral cavity, where the benefits of the aforementioned properties could be utilized toward the treatment of persistent biofilms. Within this study, L. scoparium essential oil was incorporated into a semisolid emulsion for improved delivery. The safety profile of L. scoparium essential oil on human gingival fibroblasts was determined via cell viability, cytotoxicity, and caspase activation. The minimal bactericidal concentration of L. scoparium essential oil was determined, and the emulsionʼs antibiofilm effects visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. L. scoparium essential oil demonstrated a lower IC50 (0.02% at 48 h) when compared to the clinical control chlorhexidine (0.002% at 48 h) and displayed lower cumulative cytotoxicity. Higher concentrations of L. scoparium essential oil (≥ 0.1%) at 6 h resulted in higher caspase 3/7 activation, suggesting an apoptotic pathway of cell death. A minimal bactericidal concentration of 0.1% w/w was observed for 6 oral bacteria and 0.01% w/v for Porphyromonas gingivalis. Textural and rheometric analysis indicated increased stability of emulsion with a 1 : 3 ratio of L. scoparium essential oil: Oryza sativa carrier oil. The optimized 5% w/w L. scoparium essential oil emulsion showed increased bactericidal penetrative effects on Streptococci gordonii biofilms compared to oil alone and to chlorhexidine controls. This study has demonstrated the safety, formulation, and antimicrobial activity of L. scoparium essential oil emulsion for potential antibacterial applications at mucosal sites.

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Syzygium aromaticum essential oil prevents halitosis caused by oral bacteria Streptococcus sanguinis

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.3(6).175 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 814-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanti ◽

S. Juniardi ◽

B.W. Lay

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Care ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Oral Biofilms

Halitosis is caused by oral bacteria including Streptococcus sanguinis in mouth producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, ethyl mercaptan, and methyl mercaptan which have pungent odor. Bacteria producing sulphur compounds produce oral biofilms as the accumulation of caries promotion. Caries is caused by the acid produced by oral bacteria that lead to tooth demineralization in low pH condition. Clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum), known as endogenous spice in Indonesia, has been traditionally used for centuries for treatment of periondal diseases. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum (SAEO), identifed for its major essential oils by pyrolysis gas chromatograpy mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS), determined its antihalitosis efficacy on preventing and eradicating S. sanguinis oral biofilms, inhibiting VSCs and acid production in vitro. Chromatogram profile showed that SAEO contained major eugenol (22.10%) and aceteugenol (13.31%). For antibiofilm effect toward oral bacteria S. sanguinis, SAEO at 40 and 60 μg/mL effectively prevented biofilm formation up to 60% and removed the existed biofilms up to 50%. SAEO at 60 μg/mL also demonstrated a significant inhibition on VSCs production (up to 58%) and acid produced by S. sanguinis by increasing the terminal pH from 5.66 to 6.30. These data suggest that SAEO could be applied for a promising candidate for developing oral care functional products for management of halitosis.

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ANTIHALITOSIS EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM FRUITS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.13655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Yanti Yanti ◽

Berti Priska Gea ◽

Bibiana Widiyati Lay

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Acid Production ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽

Ph Stat ◽

Produce Acid

Halitosis is associated with the excessive production of acid and volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), as well as accumulation of biofilm plaque by oral bacteria in mouth cavity. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, locally known as andaliman or lemon pepper, is an Indonesian endemic spice with high content of essential oils, including carveol that has been reported for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. We determined whether extract of Z. acanthopodium essential oil (ZAEO) exerted anti-halitosis effect on reducing biofilm plaque, acid production, and VSCs by using Actinomyces viscosus model in vitro. ZAEO was extracted in n-hexane followed by evaporation. ZAEO at various doses (20-100 µg/ml) was tested and quantified for its antibiofilm, acid production, and total VSCs production toward A. viscosus oral bacteria in vitro by conducting biofilm assays for preventing and eradicating effects, pH-stat analysis, and VSCs assay. At lowest dose (20 µg/ml), ZAEO inhibited and removed >50% of A. viscosus biofilms. A. viscosus was able to produce acid rapidly in 20 minutes, resulting in the pH terminal of 5.57, and ZAEO treatment at 40 µg/ml exerted significant inhibition on acid production with the terminal pH of 5.93, respectively. ZAEO at lowest dose also reduced >50% of total VCSs produced by A. viscosus. Our results suggest that ZAEO extract could be applied as a natural ingredient for halitosis treatment.

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In vitro effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on growth and production of volatile sulphur compounds by oral bacteria

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/1678-775720160044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 582-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Talita Signoreti GRAZIANO ◽

◽

Caroline Morini CALIL ◽

Adilson SARTORATTO ◽

Gilson César Nobre FRANCO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽

In Vitro Effects

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Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Oral Microbiota Biofilms: The Toothbrush In Vitro Model

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Andreia Aires ◽

António Salvador Barreto ◽

Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Biofilm Development

The present investigation intended to evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal abilities of clove, oregano and thyme essential oils against oral bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states. Furthermore, aiming to mimic everyday conditions, a toothbrush in vitro model was developed. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were achieved using the microdilution procedure. To simulate the toothbrush environment, nylon fibers were inoculated with oral bacteria, which, after incubation to allow biofilm development, were submitted to contact with the essential oils under study. Thyme and oregano essential oils revealed promising antimicrobial effects, both in growth inhibition and the destruction of cells in planktonic and biofilm states, while clove essential oil showed a weaker potential. Regarding the toothbrush in vitro model, observation of the nylon fibers under a magnifying glass proved the essential oil anti-biofilm properties. Considering the effects observed using the in vitro toothbrush model, a realistic approximation to oral biofilm establishment in an everyday use object, a putative application of essential oils as toothbrush sanitizers to help prevent the establishment of bacterial biofilm can be verified.

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Platelet aggregation promoted by biofilms of oral bacteria and the effect of mouth rinses in vitro

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.6639 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (07) ◽

pp. 704-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Tu ◽

Yadong Chen ◽

Chongyang Zheng ◽

Hui Chen

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Mixed Solution ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽

Aggregation Rate ◽

Mixed Solutions ◽

Mouth Rinses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to observe platelet aggregation promoted by biofilms of Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis and to evaluate the effect of two different mouth rinses on this process. Methodology: In the first experiment, the same amount of S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, and the S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solution was added to an equivalent amount of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Aggregation was measured using a recording platelet aggregometer. In the second experiment, S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, S sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solutions were pretreated with either Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse or Xipayi mouth rinse for 3 minutes, 6 minutes, and 10 minutes, respectively. The same amount of solution was added to the PRP, and the inhibition of aggregation was measured. Results: In the first experiment, S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis were able to induce platelet aggregation. The aggregation rate of S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis was significantly lower than that of either S. sanguinis or P. gingivalis. In the second experiment, when S. sanguinis, P. gingivalis, and the S. sanguinis + P. gingivalis mixed solutions were pretreated with Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse for 3 minutes and Xipayi mouth rinse for 10 minutes, there was no significant platelet aggregation. Conclusions: Platelets could adhere to S. sanguinis or P. gingivalis, but when S. sanguinis was mixed with P. gingivalis, the aggregation rate was reduced significantly. Treatment with Listerine antiseptic mouth rinse or Xipayi mouth rinse inhibited the ability of the bacteria to induce platelet aggregation.

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The in vivo and in vitro angiogenic evaluation of the essential oil of Echinophora tournefortii

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1264893 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

Author(s):

B Demirci ◽

T Kiyan ◽

A Koparal ◽

M Kaya ◽

F Demirci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil

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Appraisal of in vitro neuroprotective effects of Turkish Pinus L. species and pycnogenol and essential oil analyses

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1282928 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

Author(s):

O Ustun ◽

F Senol ◽

M Kürkçüoğlu ◽

I Orhan ◽

M Kartal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Neuroprotective Effects

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In vitro antiproliferative evaluation of underground organs essential oil and fractions of Aldama arenaria Baker

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1395010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (16) ◽

Author(s):

A Oliveira ◽

V Rehder ◽

A Ruiz ◽

G Longato ◽

J Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil

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Effect of Temperature on ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647758 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 29 (01) ◽

pp. 183-189

Author(s):

C. A Praga ◽

E. M Pogliani

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Important Variable ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽

Cuvette Holder ◽

Exact Temperature

SummaryTemperature represents a very important variable in ADP-induced platelet aggregation.When low doses of ADP ( < 1 (μM) are used to induce platelet aggregation, the length of the incubation period of PRP in the cuvette holder of the aggregometer, thermostatted at 37° C, is very critical. Samples of the same PRP previously kept at room temperature, were incubated for increasing periods of time in the cuvette of the aggregometer before adding ADP, and a significant decrease of aggregation, proportional to the length of incubation, was observed. Stirring of the PRP during the incubation period made these changes more evident.To measure the exact temperature of the PRP during incubation in the aggre- gometer, a thermocouple device was used. While the temperature of the cuvette holder was stable at 37° C, the PRP temperature itself increased exponentially, taking about ten minutes from the beginning of the incubation to reach the value of 37° C. The above results have a practical significance in the reproducibility of the platelet aggregation test in vitro and acquire particular value when the effect of inhibitors of ADP induced platelet aggregation is studied.Experiments carried out with three anti-aggregating agents (acetyl salicyclic acid, dipyridamole and metergoline) have shown that the incubation conditions which influence both the effect of the drugs on platelets and the ADP breakdown in plasma must be strictly controlled.

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