Syzygium aromaticum essential oil prevents halitosis caused by oral bacteria Streptococcus sanguinis

Halitosis is caused by oral bacteria including Streptococcus sanguinis in mouth producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, ethyl mercaptan, and methyl mercaptan which have pungent odor. Bacteria producing sulphur compounds produce oral biofilms as the accumulation of caries promotion. Caries is caused by the acid produced by oral bacteria that lead to tooth demineralization in low pH condition. Clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum), known as endogenous spice in Indonesia, has been traditionally used for centuries for treatment of periondal diseases. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum (SAEO), identifed for its major essential oils by pyrolysis gas chromatograpy mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS), determined its antihalitosis efficacy on preventing and eradicating S. sanguinis oral biofilms, inhibiting VSCs and acid production in vitro. Chromatogram profile showed that SAEO contained major eugenol (22.10%) and aceteugenol (13.31%). For antibiofilm effect toward oral bacteria S. sanguinis, SAEO at 40 and 60 μg/mL effectively prevented biofilm formation up to 60% and removed the existed biofilms up to 50%. SAEO at 60 μg/mL also demonstrated a significant inhibition on VSCs production (up to 58%) and acid produced by S. sanguinis by increasing the terminal pH from 5.66 to 6.30. These data suggest that SAEO could be applied for a promising candidate for developing oral care functional products for management of halitosis.

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ANTIHALITOSIS EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM FRUITS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.13655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Yanti Yanti ◽

Berti Priska Gea ◽

Bibiana Widiyati Lay

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Acid Production ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽

Ph Stat ◽

Produce Acid

Halitosis is associated with the excessive production of acid and volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), as well as accumulation of biofilm plaque by oral bacteria in mouth cavity. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, locally known as andaliman or lemon pepper, is an Indonesian endemic spice with high content of essential oils, including carveol that has been reported for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. We determined whether extract of Z. acanthopodium essential oil (ZAEO) exerted anti-halitosis effect on reducing biofilm plaque, acid production, and VSCs by using Actinomyces viscosus model in vitro. ZAEO was extracted in n-hexane followed by evaporation. ZAEO at various doses (20-100 µg/ml) was tested and quantified for its antibiofilm, acid production, and total VSCs production toward A. viscosus oral bacteria in vitro by conducting biofilm assays for preventing and eradicating effects, pH-stat analysis, and VSCs assay. At lowest dose (20 µg/ml), ZAEO inhibited and removed >50% of A. viscosus biofilms. A. viscosus was able to produce acid rapidly in 20 minutes, resulting in the pH terminal of 5.57, and ZAEO treatment at 40 µg/ml exerted significant inhibition on acid production with the terminal pH of 5.93, respectively. ZAEO at lowest dose also reduced >50% of total VCSs produced by A. viscosus. Our results suggest that ZAEO extract could be applied as a natural ingredient for halitosis treatment.

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In vitro effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on growth and production of volatile sulphur compounds by oral bacteria

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/1678-775720160044 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 582-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Talita Signoreti GRAZIANO ◽

◽

Caroline Morini CALIL ◽

Adilson SARTORATTO ◽

Gilson César Nobre FRANCO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽

In Vitro Effects

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The “Vitaminic-strategy” Against the Oral Bacteria S. Mutans and F. Nucleatum, Agents of Caries and Halitosis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-892470/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Pietrangelo ◽

Irene Magnifico ◽

Giulio Petronio Petronio ◽

Marco Alfio Cutuli ◽

Noemi Venditti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Sulphur Compounds ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Oral Preparation ◽

Soft Tissue Inflammation

Abstract BackgroundThe oral cavity is one of the most complex human body environments. Indeed, the continuous variation of this habitat conditions reflects the high dynamism of the resident microbial community. Two key actors in the oral diseases are the bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, both implicated in the formation of oral biofilms and consequently in the generation of common pathologies such as caries and various gingival and soft tissue inflammation diseases. In addition, F. nucleatum is also implicated in the halitosis phenomenon, thanks to its demonstrated ability to produce as second metabolite the hydrogen sulphide (H2S), one of the volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) that, with methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) and the dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3)24, is produced by periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria and causes the awkward bad breath in halitosis patients.MethodsIn this study, the oral preparation Vea® Oris constituted only by vitamin E and capric/caprylic acid was evaluated as a potential treatment of caries and periodontal diseases; the effect of the product at different concentrations on the growth and the ability of both strains to form biofilm was investigated. Regarding to F. nucleatum also the influence of Vea® Oris on the production of H2S was evaluated. ResultsOur in vitro results suggested that the Vea® Oris treatment could considerably reduce the growth and biofilm formation of both S. mutans and F. nucleatum. For F. nucleatum an appreciable reduction of the H2S production can be also obtained. ConclusionsOverall, this study highlighted the potential of Vea® Oris as a more “natural” adjuvant to prevent the biofilm and plaque formation and to reduce the smelly odour of halitosis.

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Chemical profile and antiperiodontal potential of Thymus linearis Benth. Essential oil using ADMET prediction, In silico and in vitro tools

Main Group Chemistry ◽

10.3233/mgc-210115 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Abdul Rafey ◽

Aqsa Batool ◽

Muhammad Kamran ◽

Samiullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Akram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Health Concern ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Development Of Resistance

Periodontitis is an important health concern that is associated with long term complications. Development of resistance to antibiotics limits the treatment options in periodontitis. We investigated Thymus linearis essential oil for treatment of periodontitis. The essential oil was collected using hydrodistillation and characterized using GC-MS. The constituents were further analyzed for druglikeness, ADMET properties and molecular docking using transcription regulators 2UV0 and 3QP5. The GC-MS results revealed that carvacrol was a major constituent (76.26%) followed by caryophyllene oxide (6.83%) and L-borneol (6.08%). The in vitro antimicrobial studies showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC range 0.024 –0.312μg/mL). The essential oil showed a good inhibition of bacterial biofilm produced by S. aureus (72%) and S. epidermidis (70%). Finally, the antiquorum sensing property (30 mm zone of inhibition) was recorded with violacein inhibition (58%). Based on in silico and in vitro findings, it was concluded that T. linearis essential oil can be used for the treatment of periodontal infections.

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Chemical composition, in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil

Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization ◽

10.1007/s11694-020-00482-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 2352-2358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sidi Mohammed Ammar Selles ◽

Mokhtaria Kouidri ◽

Belkacem Tahar Belhamiti ◽

Amar Ait Amrane

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum

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Impact of essential oils of clove Syzygium aromaticum in rats exposed to stress by nickel

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb12210689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 233-241

Author(s):

Djallal E. H. ADLI ◽

Karima GRELE ◽

Amine H. BORSALI ◽

Mostapha BRAHMI ◽

Wafaa ARABI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

The Body ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Scavenging Capacity

The mechanisms that cause nickel (Ni) toxicity are multiple and potentially affect all cells in the body. For this purpose, we were interested in the oxidative stress induced by the Ni at the erythrocyte level at a dose of 2 g/l during the gestation and lactation period in the Wistar rats and the capacity of the clove essential oil, Syzygium aromaticum, (CEO) to restore or not this state of stress. Extraction of the CEO by hydro-distillation allowed us to obtain a CEO with a yield of 10.60% and the characterization of this essential oil by GC-MS indicates that the major components of this oil are: Eugenol (80.95%), eugenyl acetate (10.48%), β-caryophyllene (7.21%) and α-humulene (0.87%). The antioxidant activity of the CEO made in vitro showed a free radical scavenging capacity DPPH with an IC 50 of the order of 25.60 μg/ml. In addition, analysis of the erythrocyte antioxidant status indicated that Ni significantly increased the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significantly decreased the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), resulting in dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system. On the other hand, the administration of CEO by intraperitoneal (IP) over a period of 21 days to rats previously intoxicated with Ni, indicates that this CEO contributes significantly in improving defenses against free radical aggression, through a recovery. At the level of antioxidant enzyme activities by increasing their abilities to eliminate radical compounds.

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Effect of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse on induction of platelet aggregation by oral bacteria in vitro

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027005370.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 370-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. J. Whitaker ◽

K. Pham ◽

D. Feik ◽

T. E. Rams ◽

M. L. Barnett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Bacteria

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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2185

Author(s):

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

Lucia Galovičová ◽

Petra Borotová ◽

Veronika Valková ◽

Hana Ďúranová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Control Sample ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Food Preservatives ◽

The Impact

The essential oil of Syzygium (S.) aromaticum (CEO) is known for its good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate in vitro and in situ antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil produced in Slovakia. The main components of CEO were eugenol 82.4% and (E)-caryophyllene 14.0%. The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 4.67 to 15.78 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and from 8.22 to 18.56 mm in yeasts and fungi. Among the tested bacteria and fungi, the lowest values of MIC were determined for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Penicillium (P.) expansum, respectively. The vapor phase of CEO inhibited the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium when tested in situ on bread. The strongest effect of mycelia inhibition in a bread model was observed against P. expansum at concentrations of 250 and 500 μL/mL. The best antimicrobial activity of CEO in the carrot model was found against P. chrysosenum. Differences between the mass spectra of Bacillus (B.) subtilis biofilms on the tested surfaces (wood, glass) and the control sample were noted from the seventh day of culture. There were some changes in mass spectra of Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia, which were observed in both experimental groups from the fifth day of culture. These findings confirmed the impact of CEO on the protein structure of older biofilms. The findings indicate that, besides being safe and sensorially attractive, S. aromaticum has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives.

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Nutritional Influences on Biofilm Development

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374970110012101 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 81-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

G.H.W. Bowden ◽

Y.H. Li

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Carbon Limitation ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

Nutritional Influences ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Biofilm Development

The amounts and types of nutrients in the environment influence the development and final bacterial and chemical composition of biofilms. In oligotrophic environments, organisms respond to nutrient stress by alterations in their cell morphology and cell surfaces, which enhance adherence. Little is known of the responses to stress by bacteria in the animal oral cavity. The environment in the oral cavity is less extreme, and saliva provides a constant source of nutrients. Catabolic cooperation among oral bacteria allows carbon and nitrogen from salivary glycoproteins to be utilized. Modification of growth environments of oral bacteria can influence their cell surfaces and adhesion. Studies in experimental animals have shown that feeding either glucose or sucrose diets or fasting has little effect on the initial stages of development of oral biofilms. However, diet can influence the proportions of different bacterial species later in biofilm development. Studies of competition among populations in communities of oral bacteria in vitro and in vivo have shown the significance of carbon limitation and excess and changes in environmental pH. Relatively few studies have been made of the role of a nitrogen metabolism in bacterial competition in biofilms. In keeping with biofilms in nature, oral biofilms provide a sequestered habitat, where organisms are protected from removal by saliva and where interactions among cells generate a biofilm environment, distinct from that of saliva. Oral biofilms are an essential component in the etiologies of caries and periodontal disease, and understanding the biology of oral biofilms has aided and will continue to aid in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

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Formulation of a Semisolid Emulsion Containing Leptospermum scoparium Essential Oil and Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Efficacy

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1330-8765 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gemma C. Porter ◽

Syarida H. Safii ◽

Natalie J. Medlicott ◽

Warwick J. Duncan ◽

Geoffrey R. Tompkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Leptospermum Scoparium

AbstractManuka oil, an essential oil derived from the Leptospermum scoparium, has been traditionally used for wound care and as a topical antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. However, the essential oil is not well retained at mucosal sites, such as the oral cavity, where the benefits of the aforementioned properties could be utilized toward the treatment of persistent biofilms. Within this study, L. scoparium essential oil was incorporated into a semisolid emulsion for improved delivery. The safety profile of L. scoparium essential oil on human gingival fibroblasts was determined via cell viability, cytotoxicity, and caspase activation. The minimal bactericidal concentration of L. scoparium essential oil was determined, and the emulsionʼs antibiofilm effects visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. L. scoparium essential oil demonstrated a lower IC50 (0.02% at 48 h) when compared to the clinical control chlorhexidine (0.002% at 48 h) and displayed lower cumulative cytotoxicity. Higher concentrations of L. scoparium essential oil (≥ 0.1%) at 6 h resulted in higher caspase 3/7 activation, suggesting an apoptotic pathway of cell death. A minimal bactericidal concentration of 0.1% w/w was observed for 6 oral bacteria and 0.01% w/v for Porphyromonas gingivalis. Textural and rheometric analysis indicated increased stability of emulsion with a 1 : 3 ratio of L. scoparium essential oil: Oryza sativa carrier oil. The optimized 5% w/w L. scoparium essential oil emulsion showed increased bactericidal penetrative effects on Streptococci gordonii biofilms compared to oil alone and to chlorhexidine controls. This study has demonstrated the safety, formulation, and antimicrobial activity of L. scoparium essential oil emulsion for potential antibacterial applications at mucosal sites.

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