A theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory with special application to intensity-duration trade-offs.

Wireless visual sensor network (WVSN) is emerging with many potential applications. The lifetime of a WVSN is seriously dependent on the energy shored in the battery of its sensor nodes as well as the adopted compression and resource allocation scheme. In this paper, we use the energy harvesting to provide almost perpetual operation of the networks and compressed-sensing-based encoding to decrease the power consumption of acquiring visual information at the front-end sensors. We propose a dynamic algorithm to jointly allocate power for both compressive-sensing-based visual information acquisition and data transmission, as well as the available bandwidth under energy harvesting and stability constraints. A virtual energy queue is introduced to control the resource allocation and the measurement rate in each time slot. The algorithm can guarantee the stability of the visual data queues in all sensors and achieve near-optimal performance.

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Predictive coding of action intentions in dorsal and ventral visual stream is based on visual anticipations, memory-based information and motor preparation

10.1101/480590 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Simona Monaco ◽

Giulia Malfatti ◽

Alessandro Zendron ◽

Elisa Pellencin ◽

Luca Turella

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Action Planning ◽

Neural Signals ◽

Motor Representation ◽

Visual Stream ◽

Ventral Visual Stream ◽

Action Intention

AbstractPredictions of upcoming movements are based on several types of neural signals that span the visual, somatosensory, motor and cognitive system. Thus far, pre-movement signals have been investigated while participants viewed the object to be acted upon. Here, we studied the contribution of information other than vision to the classification of preparatory signals for action, even in absence of online visual information. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to test whether the neural signals evoked by visual, memory-based and somato-motor information can be reliably used to predict upcoming actions in areas of the dorsal and ventral visual stream during the preparatory phase preceding the action, while participants were lying still. Nineteen human participants (nine women) performed one of two actions towards an object with their eyes open or closed. Despite the well-known role of ventral stream areas in visual recognition tasks and the specialization of dorsal stream areas in somato-motor processes, we decoded action intention in areas of both streams based on visual, memory-based and somato-motor signals. Interestingly, we could reliably decode action intention in absence of visual information based on neural activity evoked when visual information was available, and vice-versa. Our results show a similar visual, memory and somato-motor representation of action planning in dorsal and ventral visual stream areas that allows predicting action intention across domains, regardless of the availability of visual information.

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Transfer Entropy Based Causality From Head Motion To Eye Movement

10.1101/2021.03.11.434910 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zezhong Lv ◽

Qing Xu ◽

Klaus Schoeffmann ◽

Simon Parkinson

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Information Acquisition ◽

Visual Information ◽

Transfer Entropy ◽

Movement Behavior ◽

Head Motion ◽

Human Beings ◽

Sensorimotor Activity ◽

Set Up ◽

Psychophysical Studies

AbstractEye movement behavior, which provides the visual information acquisition and processing, plays an important role in performing sensorimotor tasks, such as driving, by human beings in everyday life. In the procedure of performing sensorimotor tasks, eye movement is contributed through a specific coordination of head and eye in gaze changes, with head motions preceding eye movements. Notably we believe that this coordination in essence indicates a kind of causality. In this paper, we investigate transfer entropy to set up a quantity for measuring an unidirectional causality from head motion to eye movement. A normalized version of the proposed measure, demonstrated by virtual reality based psychophysical studies, behaves very well as a proxy of driving performance, suggesting that quantitative exploitation of coordination of head and eye may be an effective behaviometric of sensorimotor activity.

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Change in Evaluation Mode Can Cause a Cheerleader Effect

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Claude Messner ◽

Mattia Carnelli ◽

Patrick Stefan Hähener

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Visual Information ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Target Face ◽

Contrast Effects ◽

Evaluation Mode ◽

Standard Of Comparison ◽

Low Levels ◽

Hierarchical Encoding ◽

Practical Implications

The cheerleader effect describes the phenomenon whereby faces are perceived as being more attractive when flanked by other faces than when they are perceived in isolation. At least four theories predict the cheerleader effect. Two visual memory processes could cause a cheerleader effect. First, visual information will sometimes be averaged in the visual memory: the averaging of faces could increase the perceived attractiveness of all the faces flanked by other faces. Second, information will often be combined into a higher-order concept. This hierarchical encoding suggests that information processing causes faces to appear more attractive when flanked by highly attractive faces. Two further explanations posit that comparison processes cause the cheerleader effect. While contrast effects predict that a difference between the target face and the flanking faces causes the cheerleader effect due to comparison processes, a change in the evaluation mode, which alters the standard of comparison between joint and separate evaluation of faces, could be sufficient for producing a cheerleader effect. This leads to the prediction that even when there is no contrast between the attractiveness of the target face and the flanking faces, a cheerleader effect could occur. The results of one experiment support this prediction. The findings of this study have practical implications, such as for individuals who post selfies on social media. An individual’s face will appear more attractive in a selfie taken with people of low attractiveness than in a selfie without other people, even when all the faces have equally low levels of attractiveness.

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Riding behaviour of inexperienced rider ? Characteristics of visual information acquisition Masanori Motoki, Tsuyoshi Katayama (Japan Automobile Research Institute), Makoto Nakanishi, Hideo Ochiai (Honda Motor Co., Ltd.)

JSAE Review ◽

10.1016/s0389-4304(96)80553-4 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 441-442

Keyword(s):

Information Acquisition ◽

Visual Information ◽

Research Institute

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This Is How We Do It: How Social Norms and Social Identity Shape Decision Making under Uncertainty

Games ◽

10.3390/g9040099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Francesca Lipari

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Identity ◽

Social Norms ◽

Information Acquisition ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Specific Information ◽

Information Structures ◽

Social Conformity ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Individual

The current study aims to investigate how the presence of social norms defines belief formation on future changes in social identity (i.e., diachronic identity), and how those beliefs affect individual decisions under uncertainty. The paper proposes a theoretical model in which individuals have preferences over their own attributes and over specific information structures. The individual preferences are motivated by the presence of social norms. The norms, while establishing the socially acceptable attributes of an individual identity, also drive individuals’ preferences for information acquisition or avoidance. The model incorporates social norms as empirical expectations and provides a prior dependent theory that allows for prior-dependent information attitudes. Firstly, the model implies that decisions are mitigated by socially grounded behavioral and cognitive biases; and secondly, that it can create an incentive to avoid information, even when the latter is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. These biases bring out individual trade-offs between the accuracy of decision making and self-image motivated by social conformity. The two behavioral motivations are represented through a game of an intra-personal model of choice under uncertainty in which self-deception and memory manipulation mechanisms are used to overcome the individuals’ internal trade-off.

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