Speed of information processing as a mediator between age and free-recall performance.

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Bryan ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Memory Span, Organization, and Transformations in Recall of Pictures and Words

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Powell ◽  
Rena Wynn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Pictures And Words

Immediate memory span, category clustering, and reading comprehension scores accounted for approximately 60% of the variance in average free-recall performance across three trials given 30 high school Ss in special reading classes. Immediate memory span tended to correlate more highly with recall of words than pictures, while reading comprehension tended to correlate more highly with recall of pictures. Category clustering correlated only slightly more with recall of words than pictures. The findings were interpreted as supporting a model of recall in which pictorial stimuli are considered to afford a greater opportunity for simultaneous processing in an imaginal information-processing system.

Concrete vs Abstract Information: A Correlational Test of Variability Hypothesis

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Wippich
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Abstract Words

It was shown that there were only low and nonsignificant correlations within abstract information-processing groups under divergent encoding conditions between the number of generated uses or sentences and the incidental free-recall performance. Moderate correlations (with one exception) were found within concrete (pictures or their labels) information-processing groups. The results are at variance with an interpretative variability hypothesis for abstract words.

Limitations to the Spacing Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Learning Condition

Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when the interrepetition interval increases. To explain the spacing effect in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward that combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication of this model is that free recall of repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with interrepetition spacing. To demonstrate the suggested relationship an experiment was conducted. Participants studied a word list, consisting of items repeated at different interrepetition intervals, either under incidental or under intentional learning instructions. Subsequently, participants received a free-recall test. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped relationship between free recall and interrepetition spacing in both the incidental-learning condition and the intentional-learning condition. Moreover, for intentionally learned repetitions, the maximum free-recall performance was located at a longer interrepetition interval than for incidentally learned repetitions. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two-factor model of spacing effects in free-recall tasks.

Articulatory Rehearsal Is More Than Refreshing Memory Traces

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Nishiyama ◽  
Jun Ukita
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Serial Position Curves

This study examined whether additional articulatory rehearsal induced temporary durability of phonological representations, using a 10-s delayed nonword free recall task. Three experiments demonstrated that cumulative rehearsal between the offset of the last study item and the start of the filled delay (Experiments 1 and 3) and a fixed rehearsal of the immediate item during the subsequent interstimulus interval (Experiments 2 and 3) improved free recall performance. These results suggest that an additional rehearsal helps to stabilize phonological representations for a short period. Furthermore, the analyses of serial position curves suggested that the frequency of the articulation affected the durability of the phonological representation. The significance of these findings as clues of the mechanism maintaining verbal information (i.e., verbal working memory) is discussed.

Neuropsychological deficits in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM BUSICHIO ◽  
LANA A. TIERSKY ◽  
JOHN DELUCA ◽  
BENJAMIN H. NATELSON
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Control

The degree of neuropsychological dysfunction across multiple domains was examined in individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In this descriptive study, a similar series of neuropsychological tests was administered to a group of CFS patients and healthy participants. More specifically, CFS patients (n = 141) who met the 1994 Case Definition criteria were compared to 76 healthy control participants on tests of memory, attention (concentration), speed of information processing, motor speed, and executive functioning. On the 18 measures administered, CFS patients scored 1 standard deviation below the healthy mean on nine measures and scored 2 standard deviations below the healthy mean on four of the measures. Moreover, results indicated that CFS patients were more likely than healthy controls to fail (1.6 SD below the healthy mean) at least one test in each of the following domains: attention, speed of information processing, and motor speed, but not on measures of memory and executive functioning. Finally, CFS patients demonstrated a greater total number of tests failed across domains. (JINS, 2004, 10, 278–285.)

scholarly journals Incidental information processing and verbal intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
E.V. Gavrilova ◽  
S.S. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Verbal Tasks

This article aims to reveal interaction between verbal intelligence and efficiency of intentional and incidental verbal information processing. Participants were exposed to pairs of words about which they have to decide whether a city name was presented in each pair. Thus, semantics of words was processed intentionally, whereas their phonemic features (rhymed vs. unrhymed pairs) were processed incidentally. The efficiency of stimuli processing was estimated in two different cognitive tasks – word free-recall task and word usage in new creative task. It was found that verbal intelligence was positively correlated with number of recalled stimuli which were congruent to both intentional and incidental processing conditions. Moreover, verbal intelligence was positively correlated with usage of incongruent stimuli which were processed incidentally in creative task. The results are discussed in terms of contemporary frameworks of information processing in verbal tasks.

Simultaneous and Successive Syntheses: A Factor Analysis of Speed of Information Processing

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Jarman ◽  
Larry W. Krywaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

A set of tasks was devised to measure different types of speed of information processing. These tasks were administered to a sample of 87 children in Grade 3, and the data were factor analyzed. The results indicated three factors, which were interpreted as simultaneous and successive cognitive processing speed and motor speed. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of current research on human abilities and serial and parallel processes.

Issues in Standardizing Psychometric Tests for Children who are Blind

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hull ◽  
H. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction

The School of Education, University of Birmingham, England, is attempting to standardize a new psychometric assessment tool—a tactile speed-of-information processing test—for blind children. This article discusses some of the issues and difficulties that have been encountered and presents implications for the future direction of psychometric testing of children who are blind.

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