Supplemental Material for The Role of Dispositional Factors in Moderating Message Framing Effects

Four experiments (total N = 3591) examined how thinking about Karma and God increases adherence to social norms that prescribe fairness in anonymous dictator games. We found that (1) thinking about Karma decreased selfishness among karmic believers across religious affiliations, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and non-religious Americans; (2) thinking about God also decreased selfishness among believers in God (but not among non-believers), replicating previous findings; and (3) thinking about both karma and God shifted participants’ initially selfish offers towards fairness (the normatively prosocial response), but had no effect on already fair offers. These supernatural framing effects were obtained and replicated in high-powered, pre-registered experiments and remained robust to several methodological checks, including hypothesis guessing, game familiarity, demographic variables, between- and within-subjects designs, and variation in data exclusion criteria. These results support the role of culturally-elaborated beliefs about supernatural justice as a motivator of believer’s adherence to prosocial norms.

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The Role of Reward Price and Reward Type on Message Framing Effect in Reward Program

Journal of Product Research ◽

10.36345/kacst.2008.26.4.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

June-Hee Na ◽

BAE IL HYUN ◽

Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Message Framing ◽

Framing Effect ◽

Reward Program

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Moral labels increase cooperation and costly punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma game with punishment option

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89675-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Mieth ◽

Axel Buchner ◽

Raoul Bell

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Prisoner's Dilemma ◽

Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽

Framing Effects ◽

Moral Norms ◽

Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽

Costly Punishment ◽

Moral Framing ◽

Prisoner's Dilemma Game

AbstractTo determine the role of moral norms in cooperation and punishment, we examined the effects of a moral-framing manipulation in a Prisoner’s Dilemma game with a costly punishment option. In each round of the game, participants decided whether to cooperate or to defect. The Prisoner’s Dilemma game was identical for all participants with the exception that the behavioral options were paired with moral labels (“I cooperate” and “I cheat”) in the moral-framing condition and with neutral labels (“A” and “B”) in the neutral-framing condition. After each round of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, participants had the opportunity to invest some of their money to punish their partners. In two experiments, moral framing increased moral and hypocritical punishment: participants were more likely to punish partners for defection when moral labels were used than when neutral labels were used. When the participants’ cooperation was enforced by their partners’ moral punishment, moral framing did not only increase moral and hypocritical punishment but also cooperation. The results suggest that moral framing activates a cooperative norm that specifically increases moral and hypocritical punishment. Furthermore, the experience of moral punishment by the partners may increase the importance of social norms for cooperation, which may explain why moral framing effects on cooperation were found only when participants were subject to moral punishment.

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Older Adults’ Adherence to Technology-Based Intervention: The Role of Messaging and Individual Differences

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 555-555

Author(s):

Walter Boot ◽

Nelson Roque ◽

Erin Harrell ◽

Neil Charness

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Message Framing ◽

Training Intervention ◽

Home Technology

Abstract Adherence to health behaviors is often poor, including adherence to at-home technology-based interventions. This study (N=120) explored adherence to a cognitive training intervention delivered via computer tablet, assessed adherence over a 4.5 month period, explored how individual difference factors shaped adherence, and tested the efficacy of message framing manipulations (positive vs. negative framing) in boosting adherence. Individual difference factors predicted adherence, including variations in self-efficacy and belief in the efficacy of cognitive training. Overall message framing had little impact. However, during the final portion of the study in which participants were asked to play as much or as little as they wanted instead of following a schedule, participants who received positively framed messages engaged with the intervention more. Implications for predicting and boosting adherence to home delivered technology-based interventions will be discussed.

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