Experimental motion sickness in dogs: functional importance of chemoceptive emetic trigger zone.

1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
Herman I. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Trigger Zone

Experimental Motion Sickness in Dogs

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
Herman I. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
Surgical Extirpation ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Motion sickness was experimentally induced in dogs by means of a standardized swinging exposure. Susceptible dogs were selected for surgical extirpation of the labyrinths or various parts of the cerebellum. It was found that animals showed no vomiting responses to long exposures of swinging motion after bilateral labyrinthectomy or ablation of the nodulus and uvula. Even with incomplete extirpation of these structures, animals would become partially or totally resistant to motion sickness. In general, these operated animals exhibited normal responses to intravenously administered apomorphine or orally administered copper sulfate. These results indicate that motion stimulates the labyrinthine receptors, and the vestibular impulses traverse the nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum, and the chemoceptive emetic trigger zone, and finally reach the medullary vomiting center.

Effectiveness of perphenazine and Systral against motion sickness

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Milch ◽  
Harold D. Frankl ◽  
A. A. Renzi
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Perphenazine, a drug with high activity against apomorphine-induced vomiting in dogs, and Systral, an antiemetic analogue of benadryl with little or no activity against apomorphine-induced vomiting in dogs, were tested for antimotion sickness activity in human beings aboard aircraft. Neither furnished any protection. Further, dogs were swing-tested after the administration of chlorpromazine and perphenazine. In spite of the significant difference in protection against apomorphine-induced vomiting afforded by the two drugs (perphenazine much greater than chlorpromazine), perphenazine failed to protect against swing-induced vomiting and chlorpromazine furnished only 25% protection. These data emphasize the unreliability of extending the results of apomorphine inhibition to the relationship of the chemoceptive trigger zone to motion sickness. Submitted on September 12, 1958

Membrane microdomains: lessons from microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
J.M Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Importance

Specialized regions of plasma membranes displaying lateral heterogeneity are the focus of this Symposium. Specialized membrane domains are known for certain cell types such as differentiated epithelial cells where lateral heterogeneity in lipids and proteins exists between the apical and basolateral portions of the plasma membrane. Lateral heterogeneity and the presence of microdomains in membranes that are uniform in appearance have been more difficult to establish. Nonetheless a number of studies have provided evidence for membrane microdomains and indicated a functional importance for these structures.This symposium will focus on the use of various imaging modalities and related approaches to define membrane microdomains in a number of cell types. The importance of existing as well as emerging imaging technologies for use in the elucidation of membrane microdomains will be highlighted. The organization of membrane microdomains in terms of dimensions and spatial distribution is of considerable interest and will be addressed in this Symposium.

Vestibular Function and Motion Sickness Susceptibility: Videonystagmographic Evidence From Oculomotor and Caloric Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Cynthia G. Fowler ◽  
Margaret Dallapiazza ◽  
Kathleen Talbot Hadsell
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Slow Phase Velocity ◽  
Caloric Tests

Purpose Motion sickness (MS) is a common condition that affects millions of individuals. Although the condition is common and can be debilitating, little research has focused on the vestibular function associated with susceptibility to MS. One causal theory of MS is an asymmetry of vestibular function within or between ears. The purposes of this study, therefore, were (a) to determine if the vestibular system (oculomotor and caloric tests) in videonystagmography (VNG) is associated with susceptibility to MS and (b) to determine if these tests support the theory of an asymmetry between ears associated with MS susceptibility. Method VNG was used to measure oculomotor and caloric responses. Fifty young adults were recruited; 50 completed the oculomotor tests, and 31 completed the four caloric irrigations. MS susceptibility was evaluated with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire–Short Form; in this study, percent susceptibility ranged from 0% to 100% in the participants. Participants were divided into three susceptibility groups (Low, Mid, and High). Repeated-measures analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons determined significance among the groups on the VNG test results. Results Oculomotor test results revealed no significant differences among the MS susceptibility groups. Caloric stimuli elicited responses that were correlated positively with susceptibility to MS. Slow-phase velocity was slowest in the Low MS group compared to the Mid and High groups. There was no significant asymmetry between ears in any of the groups. Conclusions MS susceptibility was significantly and positively correlated with caloric slow-phase velocity. Although asymmetries between ears are purported to be associated with MS, asymmetries were not evident. Susceptibility to MS may contribute to interindividual variability of caloric responses within the normal range.

The effectiveness of drugs against motion sickness: Perphenazine and systral.

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Milch ◽  
Harold D. Frankl ◽  
A. A. Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness
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