Experimental Motion Sickness in Dogs

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
Herman I. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
Surgical Extirpation ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Motion sickness was experimentally induced in dogs by means of a standardized swinging exposure. Susceptible dogs were selected for surgical extirpation of the labyrinths or various parts of the cerebellum. It was found that animals showed no vomiting responses to long exposures of swinging motion after bilateral labyrinthectomy or ablation of the nodulus and uvula. Even with incomplete extirpation of these structures, animals would become partially or totally resistant to motion sickness. In general, these operated animals exhibited normal responses to intravenously administered apomorphine or orally administered copper sulfate. These results indicate that motion stimulates the labyrinthine receptors, and the vestibular impulses traverse the nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum, and the chemoceptive emetic trigger zone, and finally reach the medullary vomiting center.

scholarly journals Responses of neurons in the caudal medullary lateral tegmental field to visceral inputs and vestibular stimulation in vertical planes

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. R929-R940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Moy ◽  
Daniel J. Miller ◽  
Michael F. Catanzaro ◽  
Bret M. Boyle ◽  
Sarah W. Ogburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Caudal Medulla ◽  
Spontaneous Firing Rate

The dorsolateral reticular formation of the caudal medulla, or the lateral tegmental field (LTF), has been classified as the brain's “vomiting center”, as well as an important region in regulating sympathetic outflow. We examined the responses of LTF neurons in cats to rotations of the body that activate vestibular receptors, as well as to stimulation of baroreceptors (through mechanical stretch of the carotid sinus) and gastrointestinal receptors (through the intragastric administration of the emetic compound copper sulfate). Approximately half of the LTF neurons exhibited graviceptive responses to vestibular stimulation, similar to primary afferents innervating otolith organs. The other half of the neurons had complex responses, including spatiotemporal convergence behavior, suggesting that they received convergent inputs from a variety of vestibular receptors. Neurons that received gastrointestinal and baroreceptor inputs had similar complex responses to vestibular stimulation; such responses are expected for neurons that contribute to the generation of motion sickness. LTF units with convergent baroreceptor and vestibular inputs may participate in producing the cardiovascular system components of motion sickness, such as the changes in skin blood flow that result in pallor. The administration of copper sulfate often modulated the gain of responses of LTF neurons to vestibular stimulation, particularly for units whose spontaneous firing rate was altered by infusion of drug (median of 459%). The present results raise the prospect that emetic signals from the gastrointestinal tract modify the processing of vestibular inputs by LTF neurons, thereby affecting the probability that vomiting will occur as a consequence of motion sickness.

Experimental Motion Sickness in Dogs: Role of Abdominal Visceral Afferents

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
H. I. Chinn ◽  
A. A. Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Visceral Afferents ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Motion sickness was experimentally induced in dogs by means of a standardized swinging procedure. Subsequently, 21 susceptible dogs were chosen in this series for abdominal sympathectomy and/or abdominal vagotomy. Over a period of about 6 months, these operated animals were retested several times, and it was found that the majority of them (67%) showed increased resistance to swing sickness to a greater or lesser degree. However, because of the relatively high percentage of the remaining dogs which showed no alteration of their swing sensitivity, it is concluded that the visceral afferents from the gastrointestinal tract play no paramount role in experimental motion sickness.

Experimentally Induced Motion Sickness in Fish: Possible Role of the Otolith Organs

2003 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Helling ◽  
Stefan Hausmann ◽  
Andrew Clarke ◽  
Hans Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Effectiveness of perphenazine and Systral against motion sickness

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Milch ◽  
Harold D. Frankl ◽  
A. A. Renzi
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Perphenazine, a drug with high activity against apomorphine-induced vomiting in dogs, and Systral, an antiemetic analogue of benadryl with little or no activity against apomorphine-induced vomiting in dogs, were tested for antimotion sickness activity in human beings aboard aircraft. Neither furnished any protection. Further, dogs were swing-tested after the administration of chlorpromazine and perphenazine. In spite of the significant difference in protection against apomorphine-induced vomiting afforded by the two drugs (perphenazine much greater than chlorpromazine), perphenazine failed to protect against swing-induced vomiting and chlorpromazine furnished only 25% protection. These data emphasize the unreliability of extending the results of apomorphine inhibition to the relationship of the chemoceptive trigger zone to motion sickness. Submitted on September 12, 1958

Experimental Amyloidosis Induced by Immune Complex

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
A. Kawaoi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Experimental Amyloidosis ◽  
Freund’S Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Immunological Approach ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Numbers of immunological approach have been made to the amyloidosis through the variety of predisposing human diseases and the experimentally induced animals by the greater number of agents. The results suggest an important role of impaired immunity involving both humoral and cell-mediated aspects.Recently the author has succeeded in producing amyloidosis in the rabbits and mice by the injections of immune complex of heat denatured DNA.The aim of this report is to demonstrate the details of the ultrastructure of the amyloidosis induced by heterologous insoluble immune complex. Eleven of twelve mice, dd strain, subcutaneously injected twice a week with Freund's complete adjuvant and four of seven animals intraperitonially injected developed systemic amyloidosis two months later from the initial injections. The spleens were electron microscopically observed.

Vestibular Function and Motion Sickness Susceptibility: Videonystagmographic Evidence From Oculomotor and Caloric Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Cynthia G. Fowler ◽  
Margaret Dallapiazza ◽  
Kathleen Talbot Hadsell
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Slow Phase Velocity ◽  
Caloric Tests

Purpose Motion sickness (MS) is a common condition that affects millions of individuals. Although the condition is common and can be debilitating, little research has focused on the vestibular function associated with susceptibility to MS. One causal theory of MS is an asymmetry of vestibular function within or between ears. The purposes of this study, therefore, were (a) to determine if the vestibular system (oculomotor and caloric tests) in videonystagmography (VNG) is associated with susceptibility to MS and (b) to determine if these tests support the theory of an asymmetry between ears associated with MS susceptibility. Method VNG was used to measure oculomotor and caloric responses. Fifty young adults were recruited; 50 completed the oculomotor tests, and 31 completed the four caloric irrigations. MS susceptibility was evaluated with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire–Short Form; in this study, percent susceptibility ranged from 0% to 100% in the participants. Participants were divided into three susceptibility groups (Low, Mid, and High). Repeated-measures analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons determined significance among the groups on the VNG test results. Results Oculomotor test results revealed no significant differences among the MS susceptibility groups. Caloric stimuli elicited responses that were correlated positively with susceptibility to MS. Slow-phase velocity was slowest in the Low MS group compared to the Mid and High groups. There was no significant asymmetry between ears in any of the groups. Conclusions MS susceptibility was significantly and positively correlated with caloric slow-phase velocity. Although asymmetries between ears are purported to be associated with MS, asymmetries were not evident. Susceptibility to MS may contribute to interindividual variability of caloric responses within the normal range.

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