Ventral striatum activity for in-group masked happy expressions predicts out-group friendship patterns

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Hao Andy Chen ◽  
Paul J. Whalen ◽  
Jonathan B. Freeman ◽  
James M. Taylor ◽  
Todd F. Heatherton
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum

scholarly journals Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availabilities and Evoked Dopamine Release in Striatum Differentially Predict Impulsivity and Novelty Preference in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Bellés ◽  
Andrea Dimiziani ◽  
Stergios Tsartsalis ◽  
Philippe Millet ◽  
François R Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Novelty Preference ◽  
Da Release

Abstract Background Impulsivity and novelty preference are both associated with an increased propensity to develop addiction-like behaviors, but their relationship and respective underlying dopamine (DA) underpinnings are not fully elucidated. Methods We evaluated a large cohort (n = 49) of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats using single photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty preference using a within-subject design. To further examine the DA-dependent processes related to these traits, midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor levels were measured using ex vivo autoradiography in the same animals. Results We replicated a robust inverse relationship between impulsivity, as measured with the 5-choice serial reaction time task, and D2/3R availability in ventral striatum and extended this relationship to D2/3R levels measured in dorsal striatum. Novelty preference was positively related to impulsivity and showed inverse associations with D2/3R availability in dorsal striatum and ventral striatum. A high magnitude of AMPH-induced DA release in striatum predicted both impulsivity and novelty preference, perhaps owing to the diminished midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor availability measured in high-impulsive/novelty-preferring Roman high-avoidance animals that may amplify AMPH effect on DA transmission. Mediation analyses revealed that while D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release in striatum are both significant predictors of impulsivity, the effect of striatal D2/3R availability on novelty preference is fully mediated by evoked striatal DA release. Conclusions Impulsivity and novelty preference are related but mediated by overlapping, yet dissociable, DA-dependent mechanisms in striatum that may interact to promote the emergence of an addiction-prone phenotype.

Differential Influence of Amyloid-β on the Kinetics of Dopamine Release in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery N. Mukhin ◽  
Ivan R. Borovets ◽  
Vadim V. Sizov ◽  
Konstantin I. Pavlov ◽  
Victor M. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Kinetics Of

Reward-Related Learning in Alcoholism

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2014-2014
Author(s):  
A. Heinz ◽  
A. Beck ◽  
S.Q. Park ◽  
L. Deserno ◽  
F. Schlagenhauf
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The disposition and maintenance of alcohol addiction has been associated with dysfunctional learning, particularly with increased salience attribution to alcohol-associated stimuli and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, which establishes an effect of alcohol-associated cues on operant alcohol seeking and consumption. Previous imaging studies showed that dopamine dysfunction in the ventral striatum is associated with increased brain activation elicited by alcohol-associated cues in brain areas associated with attention. Furthermore, brain activation elicited by non-alcohol (e.g. monetary) reward was decreased in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. Neuroadaptation following addiction therefore seems to augment neuronal responses to well-established, drug-associated stimuli while interfering with the learning of new, reward-seeking behaviour patterns. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we showed that in detoxified alcoholics, reward-dependent reversal learning is impaired compared to healthy controls, and that this impairment correlates with reduced functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we will present first data from a multimodal imaging study combining fMRI and positron-emission-tomography (PET) to measure the association between dopamine synthesis reduction and impaired functional brain activation during reversal learning in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients compared with healthy controls.

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