Dissociating Attention Shifting and Expectation Through Electroencephalographic Dynamics

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iring Koch ◽

Vera Lawo

Keyword(s):

Task Switching ◽

Auditory Task ◽

Numerical Magnitude ◽

Attention Shifting ◽

Gender Selection ◽

Spatial Selection ◽

Number Words ◽

Switch Costs ◽

Mixing Costs ◽

Experimental Group

In cued auditory task switching, one of two dichotically presented number words, spoken by a female and a male, had to be judged according to its numerical magnitude. One experimental group selected targets by speaker gender and another group by ear of presentation. In mixed-task blocks, the target-defining feature (male/female vs. left/right) was cued prior to each trial, but in pure blocks it remained constant. Compared to selection by gender, selection by ear led to better performance in pure blocks than in mixed blocks, resulting in larger “global” mixing costs for ear-based selection. Selection by ear also led to larger “local” switch costs in mixed blocks, but this finding was partially mediated by differential cue-repetition benefits. Together, the data suggest that requirements of attention shifting diminish the auditory spatial selection benefit.

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Auditory Attention Shifting

10.21236/ada481217 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Bertram Scharf ◽

Adam Reeves

Keyword(s):

Auditory Attention ◽

Attention Shifting

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Cognitive Predictors of Spoken Word Recognition in Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorders

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 1409-1425 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Julia L. Evans ◽

Ronald B. Gillam ◽

James W. Montgomery

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Target Word ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Spoken Word Recognition ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Receptive Vocabulary ◽

Cognitive Factors ◽

Word Knowledge ◽

Attention Shifting

Purpose This study examined the influence of cognitive factors on spoken word recognition in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and typically developing (TD) children. Method Participants included 234 children (aged 7;0–11;11 years;months), 117 with DLD and 117 TD children, propensity matched for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and maternal education. Children completed a series of standardized assessment measures, a forward gating task, a rapid automatic naming task, and a series of tasks designed to examine cognitive factors hypothesized to influence spoken word recognition including phonological working memory, updating, attention shifting, and interference inhibition. Results Spoken word recognition for both initial and final accept gate points did not differ for children with DLD and TD controls after controlling target word knowledge in both groups. The 2 groups also did not differ on measures of updating, attention switching, and interference inhibition. Despite the lack of difference on these measures, for children with DLD, attention shifting and interference inhibition were significant predictors of spoken word recognition, whereas updating and receptive vocabulary were significant predictors of speed of spoken word recognition for the children in the TD group. Conclusion Contrary to expectations, after controlling for target word knowledge, spoken word recognition did not differ for children with DLD and TD controls; however, the cognitive processing factors that influenced children's ability to recognize the target word in a stream of speech differed qualitatively for children with and without DLDs.

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Measurement on Reaction Time of Visual Attention in Depth during Driving

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.343 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 343-347

Author(s):

Ru Ting Xia ◽

Xiao Yan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Measurement System ◽

Low Vision ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Depth Information ◽

Attention Shifting ◽

3D Space ◽

Traffic Environment ◽

3D Attention

This research aimed to reveal characteristics of visual attention of low-vision drivers. Near and far stimuli were used by means of a three-dimensional (3D) attention measurement system that simulated traffic environment. We measured the reaction time of subjects while attention shifted in three kinds of imitational peripheral environment illuminance (daylight, twilight and dawn conditions). Subjects were required to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. The results showed that the peripheral environment illuminance had evident influence on the reaction time of drivers, the reaction time was slow in dawn and twilight conditions than in daylight condition, distribution of attention had the advantage in nearer space than farther space, that is, and the shifts of attention in 3D space had an anisotropy characteristic in depth. The results suggested that (1) visual attention might be operated with both precueing paradigm and stimulus controls included the depth information, (2) an anisotropy characteristic of attention shifting depend on the attention moved distance, and it showed remarkably in dawn condition than in daylight and twilight conditions.

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SEEV Modeler: A GUI-Based Tool for the SEEV Model Simulation

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181321651276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 675-679

Author(s):

Hansol Rheem ◽

Kelly S. Steelman ◽

Robert S. Gutzwiller

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Human Factors ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Prediction Performance ◽

Mathematical Software ◽

Attention Shifting ◽

Final Version

The SEEV model of visual scanning offers a quick and easy way of evaluating the attentional demands of various tasks and displays. A SEEV model can be developed without relying on complicated mathematical software or background, making the conceptual model highly accessible. Implementation of SEEV modeling can further be improved by easing the process of running simulations and providing actionable information. In this paper, we showcase the SEEV Modeler, a GUI-based prototype of the computational SEEV model that lowers the technical barriers for human factors practitioners. Furthermore, the prototype’s ability to predict eye movements in dynamic driving scenarios was tested, with an emphasis on the impacts of the attention shifting effort and inhibition of return (IOR) on the model’s prediction performance. The SEEV Modeler produced model fits comparable to those of previous mathematical modeling approaches but also revealed limitations and practical issues to be addressed in the final version.

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Spatial Attention Shifting to Fearful Faces Depends on Visual Awareness in Attentional Blink: An ERP Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3975502 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeguo Qiu ◽

Stefanie Becker ◽

Alan Pegna

Keyword(s):

Spatial Attention ◽

Attentional Blink ◽

Visual Awareness ◽

Attention Shifting ◽

Fearful Faces

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Predicting attention shifting abilities from self-reported media multitasking

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ◽

10.3758/s13423-018-01566-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1257-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pia Elbe ◽

Daniel Eriksson Sörman ◽

Elin Mellqvist ◽

Julia Brändström ◽

Jessica K. Ljungberg

Keyword(s):

Media Multitasking ◽

Attention Shifting

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Reforming the Norwegian police between structure and culture: Community police or emergency police

Public Policy and Administration ◽

10.1177/0952076717709523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 241-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tom Christensen ◽

Per Lægreid ◽

Lise H Rykkja

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Path Dependency ◽

Police Force ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Main Concern ◽

Attention Shifting ◽

Institutional Perspective ◽

Governance Capacity ◽

Community Police

This article examines the reform of the police in Norway between 2012 to 2015 drawing upon central public reports and official documents leading up to the reform. These include the report from the official Inquiry Commission into the police response to the terrorist attacks in Oslo and at Utøya in July 2011, a report issued by a public commission in 2013 – established to analyze challenges within the police – and the resulting government proposal and parliamentary discussion that culminated in a decision to create a new police structure in 2015. While governance capacity and the need for a stronger emergency police were a main concern throughout the process, the importance of governance legitimacy and of maintaining a community police force became more important towards the end. The organizational thinking behind the reform is explained in terms of a structural and an institutional perspective. The analysis shows that both cultural and structural change was seen as prominent instruments for improving the police force, but they were emphasized differently at different points during the process. The analysis demonstrates that political context, agenda settings, attention shifting and situational factors as well as path dependency were important drivers of the reform.

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