Is an infant s negative reaction to exclusion from a triangular relationship based on jealousy or social pain?

Abstract. Social neuroscience and psychology have made substantial advances in the last few decades. Nonetheless, the field has relied mostly on behavioral, imaging, and other correlational research methods. Here we argue that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective and relevant technique to be used in this field of research, allowing for the establishment of more causal brain-behavior relationships than can be achieved with most of the techniques used in this field. We review relevant brain stimulation-aided research in the fields of social pain, social interaction, prejudice, and social decision-making, with a special focus on tDCS. Despite the fact that the use of tDCS in Social Neuroscience and Psychology studies is still in its early days, results are promising. As better understanding of the processes behind social cognition becomes increasingly necessary due to political, clinical, and even philosophical demands, the fact that tDCS is arguably rare in Social Neuroscience research is very noteworthy. This review aims at inspiring researchers to employ tDCS in the investigation of issues within Social Neuroscience. We present substantial evidence that tDCS is indeed an appropriate tool for this purpose.

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Physical and Social "Pain": More Than a Metaphor

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e333072004-008 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

N. I. Eisenberger ◽

M. D. Lieberman ◽

K. D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Social Pain

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Men's Negative Reaction to Loss of Power in Gender Relations

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e506052012-248 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisca Exposito ◽

Miguel Moya ◽

Maria del Carmen Herrera

Keyword(s):

Gender Relations ◽

Negative Reaction

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Adjusting to cultural differences heightens responses to social pain

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512142015-814 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Yuen-Pik Chan ◽

Takeshi Hamamura ◽

Minjie Lu

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Social Pain

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fMRI and behavioral investigations of the shared mechanisms underlying physical and social pain

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633982013-005 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Naomi I. Eisenberger

Keyword(s):

Social Pain

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The Physiology of Social Pain

The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679446.013.5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-68

Author(s):

Anita L. Vangelisti ◽

Nicholas Brody

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Neural Processing ◽

Physical Pain ◽

Social Pain ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Future Directions ◽

Social Basis ◽

The Social

Social pain and physical pain have historically been conceptualized as distinct phenomena. Recent research, however, has noted several similarities between the two. The present chapter establishes the physiological basis of social pain. Further, the chapter explores the relational precedents and correlates of social pain. By synthesizing research that explores definitional elements of social pain, the reviewed literature explores the social basis of hurt. The chapter also reviews the extant research that posits similarities in the neural processing of social and physical pain. These similarities are further explained by examining findings that have emphasized parallels between cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses to both social and physical pain. Shortcomings in the current research are reviewed, and several future directions are offered for researchers interested in the physiology of social pain.

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The Turkish Adaptation of the Triangular Relationship Inventory: The Validity and Reliability Study

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/10664807211023002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106648072110230

Author(s):

Çiğdem Yavuz Güler

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Family System ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Tension Stress ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

The Family ◽

Triangular Relationship

Objective: According to the family systems theory, triangulation is defined as reflecting and conveying the tension between two individuals to a third individual to reduce the existing tension, stress, and anxiety. This study was conducted to adapt the “Triangular Relationship Inventory” to Turkish and to assess psychometric properties. Method: The sample of the study included 337 individuals (234 women and 103 men) aged between 18 and 25 years. The structure validity of the inventory was evaluated with the confirmatory factor analysis and reliability was evaluated with Chronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, test–retest method, and item analyses. Results: The result showed that the Turkish form of the Triangular Relationship Inventory showed similar psychometric properties to the original inventory. The structure which consists of the balanced, mediator, cross-generational coalition, and scapegoat subdimensions of 24 items displayed acceptable goodness-of-fit values in the Turkish sample with the 0.91 Cronbach's alpha coefficient while the reliability values of the subdimensions changed between 0.86 and 0.91. Considering the convergent validity of the inventory, there was a negative correlation between the triangular relationship and satisfaction with life and the differentiation of self, and a significant positive correlation with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The psychometric properties revealed in this study show that the Turkish form of the Triangular Relationship Inventory is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the triangulation levels and roles of the individuals, who are in the Turkish sample and between the ages of 18 and 25 years, within the family system.

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