Group level emotions and strength appraisals mediate the relationship between individual difference variables and collective action

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Miller
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bass ◽  
Tim Barnett ◽  
Gene Brown

Abstract:This study examined the relationship between the individual difference variables of personal moral philosophy, locus of control, Machiavellianism, and just world beliefs and ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. A sample of 602 marketing practitioners participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships. The results either fully or partially supported hypothesized direct effects for idealism, relativism, and Machiavellianism. Findings also suggested that Machiavellianism mediated the relationship between individual difference variables and ethical judgments/behavioral intentions.


1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 888-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Guang Lin

The discrepancies in WAIS Verbal and Performance IQs for a sample of 239 subjects with epilepsy were assessed. Both males and females had significantly higher mean Verbal IQs, but the magnitudes of discrepancy scores were only about half the amount noted by Pickering, et al. Individuals differed widely. It may be more fruitful to investigate the relationship between individual-difference variables and the inequality of Verbal IQ and Performance IQ than to apply the correction, proposed by Pickering, et al., of 5 points to equate the IQs.


1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Minor ◽  
Andrew M. Roberts

Although self-efficacy theory has generated research, investigations concerning how individual difference variables may influence self-efficacy have been lacking. The present study addressed the relationship between locus of control and self-efficacy. Subjects were 40 undergraduate females (20 with internal locus of control and 20 with external locus of control) who were asked to solve five single-solution anagrams. Prior to exposure to the anagrams, half of the subjects received a set of skill instructions and the rest were given chance instructions. When instructions were congruent with locus of control (e.g., internal-skill, external-chance) subjects expended more effort to solve the anagrams. Locus of control and instructions did not significantly affect estimates of self-efficacy, but means were ordered as predicted.


Author(s):  
Lauren E. Duncan

Personality and social psychology research on motivation for collective action is reviewed and integrated into a model presented in Figure 31.1. The personality work effectively identifies correlates of collective action without necessarily providing explanations of motivation. The social psychological work provides convincing motives for collective action but downplays individual difference variables. The integration of these two traditions addresses these gaps and allows for a deeper, more complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of the development of group consciousness and links to collective action. Promising areas for potential future research are discussed.


1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry P. Bahrick

AbstractQuantitative losses of memory content imply replicative processing; correspondence losses imply reconstructive processing. Research should focus on the relationship between these processes by obtaining accuracy- and quantity-based indicators of memory within the same framework. This approach will also yield information about the effects of task and individual-difference variables on loss and distortion, as well as the time course of each process.


Author(s):  
Lauren E. Duncan

Personality and social psychology research on motivation for collective action is reviewed and integrated into a model. Integrating individual difference variables into the study of motivation for collective action allows a deeper, more complex understanding of this motivation and can explain why some group members develop group consciousness and become politically active whereas others do not. The personality work effectively identifies correlates of collective action without necessarily providing explanations of motivation. The social psychological work provides convincing motives for collective action but downplays individual difference variables. The integration of these two traditions addresses these gaps and allows for a deeper, more complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of the development of group consciousness and links to collective action. Promising areas for potential future research are discussed.


Author(s):  
Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton ◽  
Jordan B. Leitner

This chapter discusses how within-group variability is as important a component to understanding the relationship between stigma and health outcomes as between-group variability. The chapter offers a framework that proposes that people’s expectations, beliefs, attitudes, goals, and self-regulatory competencies interact with one another, as well as with people’s cultural environment, to yield individual differences in response to perceived discrimination. The chapter reviews a set of individual difference constructs that have been shown to affect physical and psychological health-related outcomes. Throughout the chapter, we emphasize that individual differences can arise not only through differences in how much a given construct characterizes a person but also through differences in the relationships among the constructs themselves as well as differences in the environment. The broad goal is to reconcile individual variability with group-level differences.


1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Pinto ◽  
N. Dan Worobetz

A 1991 study by Pinto and Priest demonstrated the effectiveness of advertisements employing moderate levels of guilt in inducing guilt responses in subjects. Because individuals' responses to guilt are often influenced by their specific personality characteristics, researchers have pointed to the potential moderating effects of individual difference variables such as level of self-esteem and locus of control on individuals' susceptibility to guilt appeals. A study was conducted to evaluate the possibility that self-esteem and locus of control can act as covariates across three treatment levels of guilt advertising. From a sample of 57 working mothers, advertisements stimulating medium and high levels of guilt elicited significantly greater feelings of guilt in subjects than the control advertisement stimulating low guilt. However, the relationship between susceptibility to guilt appeals and self-esteem and locus of control was not observed to covary.


1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Wilson ◽  
Olive A. Tunstall ◽  
H. J. Eysenck

A group of 187 apprentices were given two sessions on a 1-min. finger-tapping task in which output was taken as the criterion measure. Various individual difference variables changed in the degree and direction of their association with tapping performance as a function of time through the session, presumably reflecting a motivational variable such as persistence. Positive correlations between intelligence and tapping performance became progressively greater toward the end of each 1-min. period, and while high n Ach Ss and extraverts began tapping at a faster rate than low n Ach Ss and introverts, this pattern had reversed by the end of the 1-min. practice periods. It is concluded that studies of the relationship between individual difference variables and task performance must take account of changes which occur as a result of “time into the task.”


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