Mortality salience effects on willingness to endanger one's life in order to protect close others and cultural values: The moderating effects of attachment style

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Nesia Caspi-Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Moderating Effects

Differential moderating effects of collectivistic and power distance orientations on the effectiveness of work motivators

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-665
Author(s):  
Jen-Shou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
High Power ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of power distance and collectivistic orientations on the effectiveness of intrinsic, extrinsic and reciprocal motivators in promoting employees’ willingness to cooperate for organizational interest. An integrated theoretical framework which incorporated cultural influence on need priority and on legitimacy of social exchange was established to develop the hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach This study used the methodology of information-integration theory to test the research hypotheses. Findings This study found that power distance orientation enhanced the effectiveness of extrinsic motivator but mitigated that of intrinsic motivator, and was irrelevant to that of reciprocal motivator. In contrast, collectivistic orientation mitigated the effectiveness of extrinsic motivator but enhanced that of reciprocal motivator, and was irrelevant to that of intrinsic motivator. Practical implications Managers may use reciprocal motivators for employees with high collectivism in order to increase their willingness to cooperate for the interest of the organization. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivators may be utilized for employees with high power distance but may not be as effective for those with low power distance. However, managers should not expect intrinsic motivators to be as attractive to those with high power distance as to those with low power distance. Originality/value By integrating multiple cultural orientations and multiple work motivators in one study, this research clarified the differential moderating effects of power distance and collectivistic orientations on the effectiveness of intrinsic, extrinsic and reciprocal motivators in promoting employees’ willingness to cooperate. Potential confounding problems in prior studies derived from the correlation between cultural values and coexistence of multiple motivators were discussed.

scholarly journals Aspects of Love: The Effect of Mortality Salience and Attachment Style on Romantic Beliefs

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Emma Massey
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Relationship Assessment ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Two studies are reported which explore romance as a means of terror management for participants with secure and insecure attachment styles. Mikulincer and Florian (2000) have shown that while mortality salience increases the desire for intimacy in securely attached individuals, the insecurely attached use cultural world views rather than close relationships to cope with fear of death. Study 1 used the romantic belief scale to compare the effects of attachment style and mortality salience on the cultural aspects of close relationships and showed that the only the insecurely attached were more romantic following mortality salience. Study 2 replicated this effect and demonstrated that this difference was not simply due to lower self-esteem in the insecurely attached. The additional inclusion of the Relationship assessment questionnaire failed to provide any evidence that the securely attached were affected by the mortality salience manipulation, even on a more interpersonal measure.

scholarly journals Activating the Attachment System Modulates Neural Responses to Threat in Refugees with PTSD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J Liddell ◽  
Gin S Malhi ◽  
Kim L Felmingham ◽  
Miriam Den ◽  
Pritha Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Trauma Recovery ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Refugee Trauma ◽  
Ptsd Group

Abstract Social attachment systems are disrupted for refugees through trauma and forced displacement. This study tested how the attachment system mitigates neural responses to threat in refugees with PTSD. Refugees with PTSD (N=28) and refugee trauma-exposed controls (N=22) viewed threat-related stimuli primed by attachment cues during fMRI. We examined group differences and the moderating effects of avoidant or anxious attachment style, and grief related to separation from family, on brain activity and connectivity patterns. Separation grief was associated with increased amygdala but decreased ventromedial prefrontal (VMPFC) cortical activity to the attachment prime, and decreased VMPFC and hippocampal activity to attachment primed threat in the PTSD (vs TEC) group. Avoidant attachment style was connected with increased dorsal frontoparietal attention regional activity to attachment prime cues in the PTSD group. Anxious attachment style was associated with reduced left amygdala connectivity with left medial prefrontal regions to attachment primed threat in the PTSD group. Separation grief appears to reduce attachment buffering of threat reactivity in refugees with PTSD, while avoidant and anxious attachment style modulated attentional and prefrontal regulatory mechanisms in PTSD respectively. Considering social attachments in refugees could be important to post-trauma recovery, based within changes in key emotion regulation brain systems.

Desiring and Avoiding Close Romantic Attachment in Response to Mortality Salience

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Coolsen ◽  
Lori J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Romantic Involvement ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Agency And Communion

The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in the effects of mortality salience on romantic attachment style. Participants were categorized as high or low in both agency and communion. After exposure to either a mortality salience or a control videotape, participants rated the idealness of Hazan and Shaver's (1987) three romantic attachment styles and rated the appeal of romantic involvement. Participants who were high in agency responded to mortality salience with increased endorsement of avoidant attachment, decreased endorsement of secure and anxious-ambivalent attachment, and diminished desire for involvement in a romantic relationship. Participants who were low in communion responded to morality salience with increased endorsement of anxious-ambivalent attachment. The results are discussed in light of research on defense mechanisms, Becker's (1973) theories about the role of romance in symbolic transcendence of death, and terror management theory (Solomon, Greenberg,&Pyszczynski, 1991).

Moderating effects of networks on the relationship between acculturation and entrepreneurial skills development: Evidence from Africans trained in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-328
Author(s):  
Alexis Abodohoui ◽  
Charles Fahinde ◽  
Radjabu Mayuto ◽  
Zhan Su
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With the growing number of Africans living in China for education and business engagements, it is timely and relevant to study how they are influenced by Chinese cultural values. Applying the theory of acculturation, this article analyses the influence of Chinese culture on the entrepreneurial skills of Africans trained in China. Several reports in the existing literature suggest that adaptation can lead to improved performance and creativity. We extend this to include both social and business networks as moderating factors. Using a survey of 378 African returnees from China, we found out that sociocultural and academic adaptations influence entrepreneurial skills development positively, whereas psychological adaptation has a negative effect. In terms of moderating effects, networking seems to have a negative effect on the relationship between academic adaptation and entrepreneurial skills development. However, it does not significantly moderate the impact of psychological and sociocultural adaptations on entrepreneurial skills development.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, INTERNET SELF-EFFICACY AND COMPATIBILITY ON USERS’ INTENTIONS TO ADOPT E-LEARNING: INVESTIGATING THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 300-320
Author(s):  
Khaled M S FAQİH
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
E Learning

The current study has been inspired by two significant issues: (1) The proliferation of e-technologies such as e-learning have dramatically motivated global research intended to advance our knowledge of the dynamics of these technologies in varying environmental contexts and settings, and (2) the importance of cultural values at individual-level analysis in technology adoption merits greater level of attention and interests from researchers and practitioners, particularly in relation to developing country contexts. This study intends to investigate the significance of highly influential adoption factors acknowledged as relevant in prior literature in predicting user’s behavioral intention to adopt new technologies. These potentially important factors were drawn from highly popular technology adoption and social theories including perceived usefulness (Technology Acceptance Model), social influence (Theory of Planned Behavior), Internet self-efficacy (Social Cognitive Theory) and perceived compatibility (Innovation Diffusion Theory). Further, the present study examines the moderating impact of both individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions at individual-level on the hypothesized relationships linking these highly influential adoption factors with behavioral intention to adopt e-learning environment in order to facilitate and enhance learning processes and in an effort to achieve value maximization and waste minimization requirements in the context of e-learning technology. The empirical data which consists of 262 valid datasets was collected from undergraduate university students in Jordan via self-administered paper-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed from previously accepted and validated a set of measurements items. The empirical data was numerically assessed and analyzed with the help of WarpPLS 5.0. The findings of this study demonstrate that perceived usefulness, social influence, Internet self-efficacy and perceived compatibility are important predictors of individuals’ behavioral intention to adopt e-learning technology. Further, the current findings provide adequate empirical evidence to support all hypotheses involving moderating effects with one exception whereby both individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance cultural values have little statistical significance on the relationship linking perceived usefulness with behavioral intention to adopt e-learning technologies. Interestingly, the proposed model explains a substantial amount of variance (63%) which signifies that the model fits the data well. Research findings are discussed and contribution to theory and practice are presented. Keywords adoption, e-learning, culture, WarpPLS, Jordan

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