Effect of Gender Roles and Gender Identity on Perceptions of Sexual Behavior

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Peters ◽  
Jane Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
And Gender

The Devouring Empire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko J. Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Identity Shift ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Imperial Identity ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hayashi Fumiko

This chapter studies the impact of war, empire, and gender identity in shaping food values via the depictions of food and hunger in the works of famed novelist and poet Hayashi Fumiko (1903–1951). It argues that food and the act of eating serve as metaphors for the colonial and imperial relationships between Japan, its occupied territories, and its own occupation by US forces. In addition, Hayashi's attitudes toward national and imperial identity shift between her works. For instance, in Diary of a Vagabond (1929), the hungry heroine defies and critiques normative gender roles and middle-class values in her pursuits of work and food; as a war correspondent in 1938, however, Hayashi expressed patriotic attitudes in response to food scarcity and appeared to embrace prescribed gender roles.

Gender Roles, Masculinity, and Support for Transgender Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Michelson and
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Levels Of Support

Prejudice against transgender people is often linked to traditional or even toxic conceptualizations of gender and gender identity and particularly to norms and expression of masculinity. Attitudes toward transgender people and rights are deeply divided by gender, with lower levels of support among men, and also by attitudes about traditional gender roles. Two experiments provide evidence that among men, threats to masculinity generate greater opposition to transgender people and rights while reassurances of masculinity generate greater support, particularly for support of transgender military service. Consistent with expectations, women who are exposed to information threatening or reassuring them of their femininity tend not to be affected.

Masculinities and Teacher Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell Cleveland Hucks
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Shape Learning ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
And Gender

Teachers’ values and beliefs shape learning environments and reinforce and support their expectations of students’ behaviors. Overtime, students’ behavior undergoes a norming process that influences their understanding of gender roles and gender identity. While there have been political shifts since the early 1980s around gender roles; for many in 2021 these traditional dichotomous notions of gender roles for boys and girls still exist in schools. Many boys are still encouraged to be tough, strong, and emotionally devoid of feelings. For girls, many are encouraged to be polite, sweet, and emotional. Boys are still given a pass for being aggressive, and it is still quite acceptable for girls to be passive. This non-inclusive gender binary continues to damage us as adults and promotes behaviors that do not allow for the complexities regarding gender identity, and then add the factor of race to the mix, and it gets even more complicated and, all of this left unchallenged, can lead to toxic behavior. Various examples of toxic masculinity can be found in the now readily available videos of police officers’ negative engagement with people of color around the globe. Teachers still have tremendous opportunities to intervene and educate students at all levels in ways that embrace difference and create a more empathetic society—will they do it? And what are the implications for changes that must occur in how they are prepared via teacher education programs to work with diverse learners?

scholarly journals Optimizing screening for anorectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in at risk adolescents and young adults in New Orleans, Louisiana and Los Angeles, California, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia M Man ◽  
Wilson E Ramos ◽  
Gabriella Vavala ◽  
Cameron Goldbeck ◽  
Manuel A Ocasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Public health organizations have inconsistent recommendations for screening adolescents and young adults for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) infections. Guidelines suggest different combinations of anorectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital testing based on age, sex, and sexual activity. Further evaluation of how identity and behaviors impact the anatomic distribution of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection is needed to optimize future screening practices. Methods We assessed the positivity of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections at different anatomic sites in a cohort of at-risk sexually active adolescents and young adults between 12-24 years old in New Orleans, Louisiana and Los Angeles, California. Participants were tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae at three sites (anorectum, pharynx, and urethral/cervix) every four months using self-collected swabs. We stratified anatomic distributions of infection into four gender and sexual behavior categories: (i) cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSMTW), (ii) cis-heterosexual males, (iii) cis-heterosexual females, and (iv) gender minorities assigned female at birth. Results While three-site testing detected all infections, two-site (anorectum and urethra/cervix) testing identified 92-100% of C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infections in participants assigned female at birth and cis-heterosexual males. For MSMTW, two site anorectal and pharyngeal testing versus single site anorectal testing increased the proportion of individuals with either infection from 74 to 93%. Conclusion Sexual behavioral and gender identity factors may influence detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections at specific anatomic testing sites. Testing guidelines should incorporate sexual behavior and gender identity.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN TRANSSEXUAL AND HOMOSEXUAL TENDENCIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A. Avilov ◽  
A. Bizyuk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Inner Experiences ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Identity Disorders

Within the framework of the study of gender-role deviations in mental illness, conducted by the authors, an analysis of differences in sexual behavior and gender identity in such forms of pathology as schizophrenia and intellectual disability (MR - mental retardation) is presented. The article presents the results of the study of gender identity disorders (GID) in men with schizophrenia and men with ID, presents pathopsychological examples of GID. The study is based on the assumption that both in schizophrenia and in mental retardation, the pathogenesis of transsexualism inherent in these mental disorders is due to the violation of semi-dymorphic brain structures, which qualitatively change the nature of sexual behavior and gender identity. However, the phenomenology of these disorders will depend on the nature and specifics of the pathology, which determines its pathopsychological picture. Based on the analysis of the current state of the problem and the data of our own research, it was found that the disorder of sexual behavior and gender identity in schizophrenia has the form of typical schizophrenic patterns that take the form of metaphysical interpretation, pretentiousness, delusional ideas, etc., that do not contain proper sexual erotic component and is not implemented by the behavior inherent in persons of the opposite sex. This does not allow us to speak about the true transsexual tendencies in schizophrenia and true GID. There are grounds to regard the features of GID in schizophrenia as a separate clinical and psychological phenomenon caused by the influence of the general schizophrenic process. With MR, the key factor of which is retardation, there is a psychologically expressed homosexuality and true transsexual tendencies, accompanied by corresponding inner experiences. The article is important for the pathopsychological differential diagnosis of transsexualism from other mental disorders occurring with EPI, and may contribute to expanding views on the origin of transsexualism.

Why we can’t and shan’t measure gender

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Fúsková ◽  
Lucia Hargašová ◽  
Simona Andraščiková
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe aim of this article is to draw attention to the fact that the constructions of gender - frequently quantified in scientific research (and practice)—are unstable across time and space. In this regard, we look at the genesis of the measures and definitions reflective of the social change and knowledge that has shaped views on the gender dimensions. Our analysis of gender measures shows that the majority are based on definitions that conceive of femininity and masculinity as stable personality traits and that these measures are part of essentialist assumptions on gender roles and gender identity. We consider these measures to be strongly stereotypical and “outdated”. In the second part, we put forward evidence, from research findings, that indicates that perceptions of gender have not just changed over time. Different interpretations of masculinity and femininity exist within specific cultures, social categories and spaces.

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