Review of Neural integration of physiological mechanisms and behavior: J. A. F. Stevenson memorial volume.

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-278
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Memorial Volume

scholarly journals Computational imaging during video game playing shows dynamic synchronization of cortical and subcortical networks of emotions

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. e3000900
Author(s):  
Joana Leitão ◽  
Ben Meuleman ◽  
Dimitri Van De Ville ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Imaging ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Appraisal Processes

Emotions are multifaceted phenomena affecting mind, body, and behavior. Previous studies sought to link particular emotion categories (e.g., fear) or dimensions (e.g., valence) to specific brain substrates but generally found distributed and overlapping activation patterns across various emotions. In contrast, distributed patterns accord with multi-componential theories whereby emotions emerge from appraisal processes triggered by current events, combined with motivational, expressive, and physiological mechanisms orchestrating behavioral responses. According to this framework, components are recruited in parallel and dynamically synchronized during emotion episodes. Here, we use functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate brain-wide systems engaged by theoretically defined components and measure their synchronization during an interactive emotion-eliciting video game. We show that each emotion component recruits large-scale cortico-subcortical networks, and that moments of dynamic synchronization between components selectively engage basal ganglia, sensory-motor structures, and midline brain areas. These neural results support theoretical accounts grounding emotions onto embodied and action-oriented functions triggered by synchronized component processes.

scholarly journals Applying principles of Luria’s theory to the fetal stage and integration of psycho-physiological mechanisms to optimize adaptive behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershom T. Lazarus ◽  
◽  
Christine L. Ginalis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fetal Stage

Luria proposed that the brain is organized hierarchically and according to functional units. The functional units provide a basis of integrated experience and behavior that becomes fractionated in various psychological and behavioral disorders. Emerging research suggests that the fundamental organization of brain networks and functional connections are established in utero during the second and third trimesters of fetal development. This paper discusses the value of studying emerging fetal organization within the framework of Luria’s theory. In addition, it will expand Luria’s theory in emphasizing the integration of physiological and psychological mechanisms across the life.span, with the aim of developing more individualized assessment and intervention tools.

Biopsychology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Barre Vijaya Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Psychology ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
And Behavior

The study of biopsychology seeks to describe the physiological mechanisms of the body that mediate our movement and mental activity. Biopsychology focuses on biological basis of behavior (i.e., how brain and other biological processes affect psychological behaviors). Biopsychology is also known as biological psychology or psychobiology. Biopsychology is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior that is the study of psychology in terms of bodily mechanisms.

Psychophysiology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syergyey Krivoyekov ◽  
Roman Ayzman
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Nervous Regulation ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Functional States ◽  
And Behavior

Psychophysiology — the science studying interrelation of mentality of the person and physiological processes. Fundamental knowledge of work of a brain, first of all, of nervous regulation of functions of an organism, the general and specific features of the highest falls within the scope of its interests nervous activity, the defining character and behavior of the person, psychophysiological mechanisms of regulation of functional states. In the book neurophysiological bases of coding and information processing in nervous system, neural mechanisms of feelings, perceptions, memories, training, motivations and emotions, thinking and the speech, attention, consciousness, behavior, mental activity are stated. Separate the section is devoted to physiological bases of mental changes at various functional, extreme and pathophysiological states (a stress, post-stressful frustration, addiktivny states, depressions, etc.) and to ways of their correction. Authors tried to pay special attention to disclosure of specifics of psychophysiology of the person, to difference of physiological mechanisms of regulation of mental functions of the person in comparison with model researches on animals. For simplification of work on discipline and the best digestion of material the textbook is supplied with the glossary. For students, undergraduates, graduate students and teachers of psychological and medical faculties of higher education institutions.

scholarly journals Effect of Vertical Disparities on Depth Representation in Macaque Monkeys: MT Physiology and Behavior

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 876-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed A. Chowdhury ◽  
Daniel L. Christiansen ◽  
Michael L. Morgan ◽  
Gregory C. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Vertical Disparity ◽  
Mt Neurons ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
And Behavior

Horizontal binocular disparities provide information about the distance of objects relative to the point of ocular fixation and must be combined with an estimate of viewing distance to recover the egocentric distance of an object. Vergence angle and the gradient of vertical disparities across the visual field are thought to provide independent sources of viewing distance information based on human behavioral studies. Although the effect of vergence angle on horizontal disparity selectivity in early visual cortex has been examined (with mixed results), the effect of the vertical disparity field has not been explored. We manipulated the vertical disparities in a large random-dot stimulus to simulate different viewing distances, and we examined the effect of this manipulation on both the responses of neurons in the middle temporal (MT) area and on the psychophysical performance of the animal in a curvature discrimination task. We report here that alterations to the vertical disparity field have no effect on the horizontal disparity tuning of MT neurons. However, the same manipulation strongly and systematically biases the monkey's judgments of curvature, consistent with previous human studies. We conclude that monkeys, like humans, make use of the vertical disparity field to estimate viewing distance, but that the physiological mechanisms for this effect occur either downstream of MT or in a different pathway.

scholarly journals Transcranial Alternating Current and Random Noise Stimulation: Possible Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Antal ◽  
Christoph S. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Random Noise ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
And Behavior

Background. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a relatively recent method suited to noninvasively modulate brain oscillations. Technically the method is similar but not identical to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While decades of research in animals and humans has revealed the main physiological mechanisms of tDCS, less is known about the physiological mechanisms of tACS.Method. Here, we review recent interdisciplinary research that has furthered our understanding of how tACS affects brain oscillations and by what means transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) that is a special form of tACS can modulate cortical functions.Results. Animal experiments have demonstrated in what way neurons react to invasively and transcranially applied alternating currents. Such findings are further supported by neural network simulations and knowledge from physics on entraining physical oscillators in the human brain. As a result, fine-grained models of the human skull and brain allow the prediction of the exact pattern of current flow during tDCS and tACS. Finally, recent studies on human physiology and behavior complete the picture of noninvasive modulation of brain oscillations.Conclusion. In future, the methods may be applicable in therapy of neurological and psychiatric disorders that are due to malfunctioning brain oscillations.

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