State of metabolic processes and ways to improve them in premenopausal women due to the life extension strategy

Increasing the duration and improving the quality of life of older women is a significant problem of current medicine. Metabolic disorders in the form of type II diabetes mellitus and atherogenic dyslipidemia lead to a significant level of cardiovascular complications. It is known that hormone replacement therapy cannot normalize age-related metabolic disorders. Therefore, the search for new methods of cardiovascular health is extremely relevant. Research objective: to study the state of autonomic nervous regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in perimenopausal women using the life extension approach.Materials and methods. Group I (control) consisted of 35 apparently healthy women of reproductive age. Group II (main) consisted of 71 patients whom was administered a solution of xylitol with electrolytes (Xylate) by infusion from the first days of the reduction diet for 5 days, and also L-arginine (Tivortin) was injected intravenously for 5 days, 200 ml once a day, followed by taking a drinking solution of this drug for another three weeks. All patients followed a 28-day diet, and also performed daily aerobic morning exercises for 3 months.Results. A significant decrease in body mass index in patients of the main group due to the proposed treatment and prevention program was found. At the same time, Kupperman index declined significantly. Decreased body mass index in patients of the main group was the basis for improved autonomic nervous regulation and metabolic processes. Xylate-Tivortin complex has allowed emphasizing the overcoming of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation.Conclusions. The developed 3-month program allowed to significantly improving the metabolic processes and hemodynamic parameters in women of perimenopausal age. This is the basis for the introduction of Xylate-Tivortin complex life extension into the practice of family physicians, obstetricians and gynecologists and specialists in the field of aesthetic medicine.

Diseases of the digestive organs and COVID-19

With a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), gastroenterological symptoms are often detected, which is due to both the damage to the digestive organs by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the exacerbation of chronic diseases, as well as aggressive multicomponent therapy. The severity of gastroenterological manifestations, primarily impaired liver function, is associated with a more severe and complicated course of COVID-19 infection. Numerous mechanisms of damage to the digestive organs in COVID-19 have been identified: direct damage by the virus due to resuscitation and multicomponent therapy, impaired central and peripheral nervous regulation, immunothrombotic syndrome, virus persistence in the gastrointestinal tract, induction of autoimmune reactions by the virus, humoral disorders (changes in serotonin levels, bradykinin, activation of mast cells). Violation of the microbial-tissue complex of the intestine and the permeability of the intestinal barrier, induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, ensures the formation and progression of chronic systemic inflammation, cytokine aggression, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, which affect the severity of the infection. Therapy for patients with COVID-19 should include therapeutic approaches aimed at correcting disorders of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier permeability, and relief of gastroenterological manifestations (bibliography: 20 refs).

The status of fetal autonomic nervous regulation in women with «short cervix» syndrome

The objective: was to investigate the coefficients of acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC) in women with «short cervix» syndrome.Materials and methods. A total of 292 pregnant women were examined. They were divided into several groups according to the results of the study of cervical length and methods of prevention of premature birth. Group I included women with normal cervicometry data. In other groups there were women with a «short cevix». In group II, there were women who underwent cerclage. In group III – used a pessary; Group IV – prescribed intravaginal progesterone; V – used cerclage and pessary; and in VI – cerclage and progesterone vaginally.Results. The level of preterm births was 2.1%, 10.9%, 8.9%, 9.3%, 6.9% and 7.5% in women of groups I, II, III, IV, V and VI, respectively (p<0.05 by criterion χ2 compared with women with normal cervical length).The values of AC/DC at 26 weeks were low and did not differ by groups. Subsequently, the values of AC/DC in women with cervical shortening were equal to the control only in groups III and VI. The fact that women who received vaginal progesterone as monotherapy or additionally to cervical cerclage significantly reduced the relative risk of fetal distress is of great interest. Thus, the normalization of AC/DC in pregnant women with «short cervix» syndrome under the influence of progesterone reflected the development of nervous regulation, which contributed the reduction the level of fetal distress.Conclusions. In patients with «short cervix» syndrome, there was a decrease in the level of AC/DC, which reflected the deterioration of the processes of autonomic nervous regulation of fetal hemodynamics. This captured the increased level of fetal distress. The use of vaginal progesterone contributed to normalize AC/DC and reduce the relative risk of fetal distress.

The neuronal associations of respiratory-volume variability in the resting state

The desire to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of resting-state (rs-fMRI) measures has prompted substantial recent research into removing noise components. Chief among contributions to noise in rs-fMRI are physiological processes, and the neuronal implications of respiratory-volume variability (RVT), a main rs-fMRI-relevant physiological process, is incompletely understood. The potential implications of RVT in modulating and being modulated by autonomic nervous regulation, has yet to be fully understood by the rs-fMRI community. In this work, we use high-density electroencephalography (EEG) along with simultaneously acquired RVT recordings to help address this question. We hypothesize that (1) there is a significant relationship between EEG and RVT in multiple EEG bands, and (2) that this relationship varies by brain region. Our results confirm our first hypothesis, although all brain regions are shown to be equally implicated in RVT-related EEG-signal fluctuations. The lag between RVT and EEG is consistent with previously reported values. However, an interesting finding is related to the polarity of the correlation between RVT and EEG. Our results reveal potentially two main regimes of EEG-RVT association, one in which EEG leads RVT with a positive association between the two, and one in which RVT leads EEG but with a positive association between the two. We propose that these two patterns can be interpreted differently in terms of the involvement of higher cognition. These results further suggest that treating RVT simply as noise is likely a questionable practice, and that more work is needed to avoid discarding cognitively relevant information when performing physiological correction rs-fMRI.

Influence of noise and vibration on nervous regulation of heart

The authors studied influence of noise and vibration on cardiac nervous regulation in workers exposed to unfavourable work conditions. Evidence is that noise and vibration induce cardioneuropathy signs manifested in lower general vegetative influence on cardiac rhythm, as well as in its shift to higher activity of sympathetic nervous system. More marked changes are seen at daytime. Findings are that in combined influence of noise and vibration on humans, priority role of negative influence on cardiac regulation is taken by vibration factor.