Neuroscience and inclusive education: a teacher training program

Inclusion is a relevant public policy for education. Nonetheless, the evaluation of its effectiveness still needs further investigation. The existing research literature shows the importance of teachers as a vital agent in this process. In the context of continuing teacher education, the theme of inclusion is often left outside of scholarly attention. This study aims to outline teacher training for inclusive education, especially regarding the inclusion of students with neurodevelopmental disorders. The survey covered 50 kindergarten and elementary private school teachers. Following the intervention, the teachers’ spontaneous reports demonstrate a change in their perception of students with disabilities. Further investigation is required to systematize the methodology and results of this survey.

The structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of women and men during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland

Since the COVID.19 pandemic is a serious crisis in many countries around the world, it is important to conduct empirical research aimed at identifying risks and factors protecting the functioning of people affected by it [1, 2]. For this reason, the goal of this research is to determine the structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of 226 women and 226 men during the COVID.19 epidemic in Poland by looking at connections between physical activity, mental health disorders and cognitive processes and their significance for the quality of social relations. Methodologically, the research relies on IPAQ Questionnaire [3], GHQ-28 Questionnaires [4], TUS Test — 6/9 version [5] and the original SFS Scale. The structural model indicates that physical activity weakens the relationship between mental health disorders and cognitive processes, and gender is the moderator of these relationships. This suggests that physical activity adapted to the condition of health may be an important component of gender. individualized psycho. preventive interventions.

Lurian neuropsychological assessment at an early age

The paper discusses the theoretical foundations and methods of neuropsychological assessment of 2–6.year.old preschool children and describes the potential and advantages of Luria’s battery for revealing child underdevelopment or abnormal development.

Qualitative neuropsychological assessment of children

Qualitative assessment is an essential method of clinical neuropsychology. According to conceptual bases of historical and cultural neuropsychology, qualitative assessment should include analysis of the neuropsychological syndrome in each particular case. The paper presents the method for qualitative neuropsychological assessment created for children in Mexico for Spanish.speaking population aged 5–12 with the help of the Scheme for “Brief Neuropsychological Assessment for Children”. The structure and the ways for analysis of clinical data are included. The conclusions mention the possible applications of this instrument.

Remediation in ADHD

This paper discusses techniques of remediation used in a practical study case of an ADHD child. The major focus of this process is to enhance the development of underdeveloped functions and its main objective is to create, together with the patient, effective work methods, which would be meaningful to the child and would a part of his or her experiences in life. The paper considers the case of a 7.year.old boy suspected of having ADHD and provides his pre.and post.neuropsychological evaluation data. The 6.month intervention process brought some significant results as the evaluation showed the development of several superior mental functions and the initial hypothesis of ADHD was refuted. Thus, the remediation process which involved an adult that respected the level of the child’s development and included meaningful activities within an affective impact enhanced the child’s development.

Luria’s aphasiology in the 21st century

Luria’s interpretation of brain organization for language and aphasia is analyzed. He published two major books and a myriad of papers devoted to this topic. Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary aphasiology, as from the fundamental point of view as from the clinical perspective. His significant influence has continued during the 21st century. Many of Luria’s ideas have been integrated into contemporary aphasiology. His aphasia classification, however, remains partially controversial.

Applying principles of Luria’s theory to the fetal stage and integration of psycho-physiological mechanisms to optimize adaptive behavior

Luria proposed that the brain is organized hierarchically and according to functional units. The functional units provide a basis of integrated experience and behavior that becomes fractionated in various psychological and behavioral disorders. Emerging research suggests that the fundamental organization of brain networks and functional connections are established in utero during the second and third trimesters of fetal development. This paper discusses the value of studying emerging fetal organization within the framework of Luria’s theory. In addition, it will expand Luria’s theory in emphasizing the integration of physiological and psychological mechanisms across the life.span, with the aim of developing more individualized assessment and intervention tools.

The emotional effects of positive and negative news through the default mode network

News media can have a powerful effect on people’s physiology, thinking, and emotions. This study aims was to examine the effects of positive and negative news on optimism, pessimism, self.esteem, and depression. The survey covered students from the Department of Journalism of the University of Istanbul and involved 61 participants — 35 women and 26 men. While people from the first group were asked to read positive news, the second group read negative news. In order to measure the level of optimism and pessimism of our participants, they were asked then to choose at least four optimistic and pessimistic adjectives. Rosenberg Self. Esteem scale was used to determine changes in self.esteem and depression. Results suggested that people who read positive news were more optimistic about their future (M optimism = 5.92, SD = 1.75), and less pessimistic (M pessimism = .88, SD= 1.5). When people read negative news, they chose more pessimistic adjectives (M pessimism= 4.36, SD= 2.44), and fewer pessimistic ones (M optimism = 1.88, SD = 1.94). Moreovere, when people read positive news, they showed less signs of depression (M depression = 1.6, SD = .70) than when people read negative news (M depression = 3.06, SD = 1.37). Finally, we found no significant differences in the level of self.esteem when participants were exposed to positive and negative news.

Genetics and psychophysiology of ADHD and autism

The paper discusses the brain mechanisms of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is shown that these disorders are associated with different genetic causes that create certain psychophysiological mechanisms. Nevertheless, their diagnosis is interrelated. Moreover, a child is often first diagnosed with ADHD, and then the diagnosis is changed to “autism spectrum disease”. Among the most common causes of the disease is the behavior of retrotransposons. Retrotransposons (also called transposons via intermediate RNA) are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in the genome. These DNA sequences use a “copy and paste” mechanism, whereby they are first transcribed into RNA and then converted back to identical DNA sequences via reverse transcription, and these sequences are then inserted into the genome at target sites. In humans, retro elements take up 42 % of the DNA. The conclusion is made that for the formation of an individual profile of gene expression in the neuron, the most important is the phenomenon of somatic mosaicism, due to the process of L1 retrotransposition, in addition to the classical described mechanisms of differentiation. The number of such events and their localization is significant as they are likely to contribute to the development of both autism and ADHD.

Using Luria’s neuropsychological approach to functional brain organization to understanding epilepsy

Seizures and epilepsy comprise disorders of the brain in which there are abnormal discharges of the brain cells (neurons) resulting in various observable behavioural disorders. Whilst the basic underlying neuropa thology of these disorders is the same in all individuals, the manifestations in cognition, intellect, emotion, socialization and behaviour have variations across individuals.