Rhythmic timing in aging adults: On the role of cognitive functioning and structural brain integrity.

ABSTRACTObjectiveIncidence of concussions and report of symptoms are greater amongst women across sports. While structural brain changes and cognitive declines are associated with repetitive head impact (RHI), the role of sex is not well understood. This study aimed to determine if there is a moderating effect of sex on the relationship number of professional fights has with cognitive functioning and regional brain volumes in a cohort of boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists.Methods55 women were matched with 55 men based on age, years of education, ethnicity, and fighting style. Cognition was assessed via CNS Vital Signs computerized cognitive battery and supplemental measures. Structural brain scans, demographic data, and number of professional fights (NoPF) were also considered. Matched pairs were compared via analysis of covariance, accounting for total brain volume. Within-subject moderation models were utilized to assess the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between NoPF and brain volumes and cognitive performance.ResultsMen were observed to have poorer performance on measures of psychomotor speed when compared to women. On a series of analyses assessing the role of sex as a moderator of the relationship between NoPF and regional brain volumes/cognitive performance, a significant moderation effect was observed across multiple measures of cognitive functioning, such that men had poorer performance. Differences in numerous regional brain volumes were also observed, such that the relationship between NoPF and brain volumes was steeper amongst men.ConclusionSex was observed to be an important moderator in the relationship between NoPF, aspects of cognitive functioning, and volumes of numerous brain regions, suggesting that sex differences in neuroanatomic and cognitive response to RHI deserve further attention.

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The Role of Craving, Executive Cognitive Functioning, and Hunger in Gambling

10.22215/etd/2014-10495 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Travis Sztainert

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Executive Cognitive Functioning

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Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Donor and Recipient and Their Subsequent Cognitive Functioning in Late Childhood as Juvenile Athletes—A Case Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2545

Author(s):

Ilona Bidzan-Bluma

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Semantic Fluency ◽

Motor Functioning ◽

Gross Motor Skills ◽

History Of

Objective: It is estimated that twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurs in 10–15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. One of the fetuses takes on the role of donor and the other of recipient. The treatment administered involves serial amnioreduction and laser photocoagulation of the communicating blood vessels. After TTTS, children may have deficiencies in psychomotor functioning, in particular in cognitive functions, expressive language, and motor skills. Few scientific reports indicate that twins after TTTS do not demonstrate significant differences in tests which measure intellectual functioning. Methods: The cognitive functioning of twins in the late childhood period was compared using the following tools: an analysis of their medical history, an interview with their parents, and neuropsychological tests allowing the evaluation of their whole profile of cognitive functions. Case Study: Cognitive functioning in the late childhood period was analyzed in a pair of 11-year-old male twins (juvenile athletes), a donor and a recipient, who had developed TTTS syndrome in the prenatal period. Results: Comparison of the cognitive functioning profile of the donor and recipient revealed that children with a history of TTTS develop normally in terms of cognitive and motor functioning in late childhood. A comparative analysis of the donor and recipient was more favorable for the recipient, who had a higher level of general intelligence, visual–motor memory, and semantic fluency. Conclusions: The fact that both the donor and the recipient chose to pursue athletics suggests that gross motor skills are their strongest suit. Playing sports as a method of rehabilitation of cognitive function of children born prematurely after TTTS could contribute to the improvement of cognitive functioning.

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The Role of Cognitive Functioning in Medication Adherence of Children and Adolescents with HIV Infection

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsn068 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 164-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

K. Malee ◽

P. L. Williams ◽

G. Montepiedra ◽

S. Nichols ◽

P. A. Sirois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Children And Adolescents

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The role of self-control and cognitive functioning in educational inequalities in adolescent smoking and binge drinking

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-017-4753-2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lisa E. M. Davies ◽

Mirte A. G. Kuipers ◽

Marianne Junger ◽

Anton E. Kunst

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Adolescent Smoking ◽

Self Control ◽

Educational Inequalities

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Response Error in a Web Survey and a Mailed Questionnaire: The Role of Cognitive Functioning

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2920616 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin Kroh ◽

Florin Winter

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Web Survey ◽

Response Error

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Retromer subunit, VPS29, regulates synaptic transmission and is required for endolysosomal function in the aging brain

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.51977 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hui Ye ◽

Shamsideen A Ojelade ◽

David Li-Kroeger ◽

Zhongyuan Zuo ◽

Liping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synaptic Transmission ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Adult Brain ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Gtpase Activating Protein ◽

Ultrastructural Evidence ◽

Aging Adults ◽

And Function ◽

Brain Homeostasis

Retromer, including Vps35, Vps26, and Vps29, is a protein complex responsible for recycling proteins within the endolysosomal pathway. Although implicated in both Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, our understanding of retromer function in the adult brain remains limited, in part because Vps35 and Vps26 are essential for development. In Drosophila, we find that Vps29 is dispensable for embryogenesis but required for retromer function in aging adults, including for synaptic transmission, survival, and locomotion. Unexpectedly, in Vps29 mutants, Vps35 and Vps26 proteins are normally expressed and associated, but retromer is mislocalized from neuropil to soma with the Rab7 GTPase. Further, Vps29 phenotypes are suppressed by reducing Rab7 or overexpressing the GTPase activating protein, TBC1D5. With aging, retromer insufficiency triggers progressive endolysosomal dysfunction, with ultrastructural evidence of impaired substrate clearance and lysosomal stress. Our results reveal the role of Vps29 in retromer localization and function, highlighting requirements for brain homeostasis in aging.

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