Investigating therapist reflective functioning, therapeutic process, and outcome.

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy A. Reading ◽  
Jeremy D. Safran ◽  
Amy Origlieri ◽  
J. Christopher Muran
1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Epstein ◽  
Duane S. Bishop

In summary, it can be said that progress is being made in the field, but slowly. The ‘art’ is vigorous, vital and exciting. The ranks of family therapists are swelling and they are coming from backgrounds of different theoretical persuasions and with varying degrees of sophistication in their training and education. This mélange does lead to excitement and turbulence but often detracts from the necessary rigour that a scientific discipline must develop in order to reach maturity. Systems theory allows for easy conceptualization of one another's behaviour in the system, and permits a much clearer understanding of the therapeutic process based upon it, in contrast to therapeutic approaches based on other models. The authors found negotiation to be therapeutically effective when made explicit. In addition they place the focus on the ‘here and now’ and encourage the increased labeling by family members of interactions (affective and behavioural) and their effects (affective and behavioural), according to the Family Categories Schema previously referred to. Efforts are directed especially towards dealing with the current resistances to problem solutions. Epstein et al. have reported on an ongoing program of research which attempts to examine the process and outcome of family therapy (7,10,21,22,25,26). What is needed now is a more rigorous approach to research and the development of a necessary theoretical base in order that a more systematic and scientific approach can be developed for treating families.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Langhoff ◽  
Thomas Baer ◽  
Doris Zubraegel ◽  
Michael Linden

The therapeutic alliance is seen as an important dimension in any type of psychotherapy. But patient, therapist, or observers can have different views on the therapeutic alliance. The question is which perspective best represents the therapeutic alliance, and what are the differences between these alternative views. In the present study, the therapist–patient alliance (TPA, the view of the therapist), patient–therapist alliance (PTA, the view of the patient), and mutual therapeutic alliance (MTA, the view of an observer) were measured simultaneously in cognitive behavior therapy of patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Additionally, the concordance between patient and therapist ratings (TPC) was calculated. Cognitive behavior therapists attained high positive scores in all perspectives for all dimensions of the therapeutic alliance, such as empathy, cooperation, transparency, focusing, and assurance of progress. Correlations were consistently higher for ratings between therapist and patient than between observer and patient. A relation with outcome (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) was only found for observer ratings. It was concluded that cognitive behavior therapists can achieve good alliances with their patients. Different perspectives on the therapeutic alliance should be distinguished and taken into account separately in studies on the therapeutic process and outcome.


2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Campbell

AbstractFrom Freud through to modern times researchers have aimed to develop a clearer understanding of therapeutic processes and outcomes. Despite this continued interest in the field, the representation of psychotherapy processes and the applicability of research findings and recommendations to the therapeutic field continue to prove difficult. Quantitative and qualitative studies each purport to provide answers, however, they differ greatly in their research methods and underlying ontological and epistemological views. Efficacy and effectiveness studies and the measures of statistical significance and clinical significance are explored with their inherent strengths and weaknesses highlighted. This paper presents the view that research into psychotherapy should enhance the experiences of both the therapist and client. For this to be achieved it is recommended that quantitative and qualitative data, or objective and subjective experiences, should collude rather than collide.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Leila Verkerk ◽  
Ad Backus ◽  
Laurie Faro ◽  
Jean-Marc Dewaele ◽  
Enny Das

Language is an essential part of psychotherapeutic work. In psychotherapy involving more than one language and/or culture, acknowledging the impact of the therapist’s and the client’s language(s) can facilitate achieving the most beneficial therapeutic process and outcome. The field has witnessed a surge in interdisciplinary work combining research methods from multilingualism and psychotherapy. This research aims to investigate the role of multilingualism in emotion expression and interpretation in psychotherapy offered by multilingual/multicultural therapists. Ten individual semi-structured interviews with therapists in the Netherlands focused on therapists’ experience of working as a multilingual/multicultural therapist with culturally and linguistically diverse clients. Thematic analysis of the results showed that language choice influenced the therapeutic process and its outcome in terms of discussing emotional topics, establishing and maintaining rapport with the client, and managing linguistic and cultural differences. Linguistic awareness of therapists allows them to manage the linguistic and cultural issues that inevitably arise in encounters with multilingual/multicultural clients.


1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Davis-Berman ◽  
Dene S. Berman ◽  
Lynn Capone

Thirty one therapeutic wilderness programs specializing in mental health treatment were examined through both a mail survey and a telephone interview. Respondents provided information on sponsorship, type of clients served, outdoor modality, therapeutic modality, staff qualifications, and other professional issues. The results suggested that most programs were serving high-risk adolescents using a variety of outdoor modalities. Programs had a difficult time describing their therapeutic process, and there was a lack of research and follow-up in the programs. The lack of basic definitions of therapeutic, non-professional staff, and the lack of process and outcome research are discussed. Finally, the authors call for dialogue on these and other professional issues related to therapeutic wilderness programs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Guxholli ◽  
Liisa Voutilainen ◽  
Anssi Peräkylä

Therapeutic alliance is a central concept in psychotherapeutic work. The relationship between the therapist and the patient plays an important role in the therapeutic process and outcome. In this article, we investigate how therapists work with disaffiliation resulting from enduring disagreement while maintaining an orientation to the psychotherapeutic project at hand. Data come from a total of 18 sessions of two dyads undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy and is analyzed with conversation analysis. We found that collaborative moves deployed amidst enduring disagreement can assist the therapist in furthering the disagreement as part of the ongoing psychotherapeutic project. Relying on their collaborative format, therapists utilize collaborative moves to temporarily mend the disaffiliation without necessarily changing their position and re-affiliating with the patient. We show how the relation between the therapist and the patient gets transformed in the moment-by-moment work accomplished in the psychotherapeutic talk.


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