Dentistry and psychology in the care and treatment of odontophobic patients: the concise systematic review

This study aimed to demonstrate the use of psychological methods in the routine care of a dental office. The research was carried out through a literature review in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, from 2002 to 2021. Throughout the work, the causes and symptoms of anxiety of these patients during the care process and the view of the dentist was also described in terms of crises of fear and often refusal of treatment by these patients. At the end of the study of the works described above, the great importance of the interdisciplinary work of Psychology and Dentistry as a method of optimizing the care of odontophobic patients was concluded.

Introduction

Fiction is the ultimate application of the human capacity for displacement—thinking and talking about things beyond the here and now. Fictional characters may live in very remote possible or even impossible worlds. Yet our engagement with fictional stories and characters seems effortless and permeates every aspect of our everyday lives. How is this possible? How does fictional talk relate to assertions about the here and now, or indeed to modal talk about other possible worlds? What is the relation between fiction and mental states like belief and imagination? How does a sequence of fictional statements become a story? What are fictional characters? How do narrators manage to give us access to their characters’ innermost thoughts and desires? This introductory chapter traces the development of various strands of research on these questions within linguistics, narratology, and philosophy in order to lay a foundation for the cutting-edge interdisciplinary work in this volume.

Comparative analysis of the concepts of "dysontogenesis, developmental disorder, developmental disorder"

В статье проводится анализ понятий «дизонтогенез», «нарушение развития», «расстройство развития», описываются факторы нарушений. Проведен анализ научных источников, описывающих данные виды отклонений в развитии. Сделан акцент на необходимости понимания индивидуальных норм развития ребенка. Описываются результаты деятельности междисциплинарной работы специалистов. В научной литературе нет четкого разграничения в определении понятий дигонтогенез, расстройство развития, нарушение развития, эти понятия дополняют друг друга и тесным образом переплетаются при описании различных нарушений, однако эти термины имеют существенные отличия и не являются синонимами. Часто среди ученых мы слышим расхожую фразу «в настоящее время растет число детей с различными отклонениями в развитии». Однако, при этом сложно дать определение понятию «отклонение развития», так как термин «развитие предполагает установление качественных и количественных изменений психики в необозначенный промежуток времени». The article analyzes the concepts of "dysontogenesis", "developmental disorder", "developmental disorder", describes the factors of disorders. The analysis of scientific sources describing these types of deviations in development is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the need to understand the individual norms of child development. The results of the interdisciplinary work of specialists are described. In the scientific literature, there is no clear distinction in the definition of the concepts of digontogenesis, developmental disorder, developmental disorder, these concepts complement each other and are closely intertwined when describing various disorders, but these terms have significant differences and are not synonyms. We often hear the popular phrase among scientists: "currently, the number of children with various developmental disabilities is growing." However, it is difficult to define the concept of "developmental deviation", since the term "development implies the establishment of qualitative and quantitative changes in the psyche in an unspecified period of time".

The Origins of Psyche

This paper follows the ongoing discussion with philosopher and psychoanalyst Jon Mills (2020) regarding the nature, origin, and essence of the archetype and psyche, in which my approach that incorporates key features of the philosophy of mind is being compared and contrasted with Mills’ onto-phenomenal approach. Both Mills and I come at this question from very different backgrounds, making interdisciplinary work challenging but rewarding. In this paper I will attempt to start from Mills’ foundational position to bridge the two frameworks together.

Hospital Childbirth: Perspectives of Women and Professionals for a Positive Experience—A Qualitative Study

The perception and interpretation of childbirth are changing as values change. This requires women and professionals to adapt to new circumstances. The objective of this study was to analyze the perspectives of women and professionals on hospital birth and to identify improvement areas in order to achieve a positive perinatal experience. A qualitative prospective study with a phenomenological approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with women, two and eight months after childbirth, participant observation, and professional focus groups. The analysis of the transcribed texts involved a thematic inductive approach. Four improvement areas emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening communication and the therapeutic relationship; (b) unifying criteria between hospitals and primary care centers to provide coordinated and coherent information; (c) involvement of the partner in the whole process of pregnancy-childbirth-puerperium; (d) improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births. The need for a continuity of care from the beginning of pregnancy to the postpartum period is emphasized, which requires an improvement in information, participation, and the promotion of shared decision-making. To this end, coordinated interdisciplinary work, involvement of the partner and the improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births are essential.

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is an umbrella term to describe an array of social and institutional methods for resolving disputes. These methods offer individual and collective disputants a panoply of forum shopping options, each taking place in different intrinsic, inherited, and constructed cultural contexts. While not immediately apparent to lawyers or anthropologists, different ADR methods, including arbitration and mediation, in fact constitute the principal global tools utilized to resolve most international and interstate disputes concerning matters of investment, commerce, and industry. To grasp the magnitude of this necessarily requires both lawyers and anthropologists to break the barriers of habitual thinking about the nature and extent of their disciplinary and interdisciplinary work. This chapter outlines the prevalence and pervasiveness of ADR processes and practices both past and present, using ADR as an interface for reconceptualizing interdisciplinary boundaries, appraising the relationship between theory and practice, and understanding emerging social and legal practices.

Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility Volume 7

This is the seventh volume of Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility (OSAR), and the fifth drawn from papers presented at the New Orleans Workshop on Agency and Responsibility (NOWAR, November 14–16, 2019). The OSAR series is devoted to publishing cutting edge, interdisciplinary work on the wide array of topics falling under the general rubric of ‘agency and responsibility.’ In this volume, roughly half of the chapters focus on agency, and half focus on responsibility. In the former camp, there are essays about the non-observational knowledge we have about our current intentional actions, constitutivism, answerability, organizational agency, socially embedded agency, and a brain sciences critique of causal theories of action. In the latter camp, there are essays about praise, guilt, blame, sanction, forgiveness, and disclaimers.

Opportunities and Constraints of the Disciplines

Our disciplinary structure places constraints on research, but interdisciplinarity also creates challenges. The basic social science disciplines—political science, economics, sociology, psychology, and anthropology—each tend toward a particular view of human nature and have disciplinary prejudices regarding topics and methods. Interdisciplinary work has identified these differences and worked toward integration, especially in common applied fields, such as education and public policy. Each discipline’s historical inheritance shapes contemporary practice. Rather than dismantling or reformulation of disciplines, strong and self-aware disciplines with scholarly exchange among them have advanced theory and empirical analysis.