scholarly journals Association of intraocular pressure with the metabolic syndrome and novel cardiometabolic risk factors

Eye ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y C Chang ◽  
J-W Lin ◽  
L C Wang ◽  
H M Chen ◽  
J J Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Irregularity of energy intake at meals: prospective associations with the metabolic syndrome in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda K. Pot ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Alison M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development

AbstractIrregularity in eating patterns could be a potential cardiometabolic risk factor. We aimed to study the associations of irregular intake of energy at meals in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors 10 and 17 years later. Variability of energy intake data – derived from 5-d estimated diet diaries of cohort members of the National Survey for Health and Development collected at ages 36 (n1416), 43 (n1505) and 53 years (n1381) – was used as a measure for irregularity. Associations between meal irregularity scores with cardiometabolic risk factors measured 10 and 17 years later were investigated using linear mixed models and logistic regression models. The results showed that irregularity scores changed significantly over the years (P<0·05). At age 36 years, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy at lunch (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91) and between meals (OR 1·35; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·82) had an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome 17 years later; at lunch was also associated with an increased waist circumference (OR 1·58; 95 % 1·27, 1·96) and TAG levels (OR 1·33; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·72). At age 43 years, subjects with a more irregular intake at breakfast had an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome 10 years later (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·15, 2·04), as well as an increased BMI (OR 1·66; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·10), waist circumference (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·90) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·78). In conclusion, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy, mostly at breakfast and lunch, appeared to have an increased cardiometabolic risk 10 and 17 years later.

A Unique Rodent Model of Cardiometabolic Risk Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4425-4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Shi ◽  
Michael K. Dyck ◽  
Richard R. E. Uwiera ◽  
Jim C. Russell ◽  
Spencer D. Proctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology and is a complex endocrine disorder that also presents with features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. These latter symptoms form cardiometabolic risk factors predisposing individuals to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, animal models to study PCOS in the context of the metabolic syndrome and CVD risk have been lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the JCR:LA-cp rodent as an animal model of PCOS associated with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic indices were measured at 6 and 12 wk, and reproductive parameters including ovarian morphology and estrous cyclicity were assessed at 12 wk or adulthood. At 6 wk of age, the cp/cp genotype of the JCR:LA-cp strain developed visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia) compared with control animals. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between groups at 6 wk of age. However, at 12 wk, the cp/cp genotype had higher serum testosterone concentrations, compared with control animals, and presented with oligoovulation, a decreased number of corpora lutea, and an increased number of total follicles, in particular atretic and cystic follicles. The cardiometabolic risk factors in the cp/cp animals were exacerbated at 12 wk including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The results of this study demonstrate that the JCR:LA-cp rodent may be a useful PCOS-like model to study early mechanisms involved in the etiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of both PCOS and the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Associations Between CYP17A1 and SERPINA6/A1 Polymorphisms, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Black South Africans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphiwe N. Dlamini ◽  
Ananyo Choudhury ◽  
Michèle Ramsay ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
South African ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Research in European and Asian populations has reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17A1 and SERPINA6/A1 and circulating glucocorticoid concentrations, and some key cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate these associations in black South African adults, who are disproportionally affected by the metabolic syndrome and its related cardiometabolic risk factors. The dataset included black South African adults (n = 4,431; 56.7% women) from the AWI-Gen study, genotyped on the H3A genotyping array and imputed using the African reference panel at the Sanger imputation service. From the imputed data, 31 CYP17A1 SNPs and 550 SERPINA6/A1 SNPs were extracted. The metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using the 2009 harmonized guidelines. Serum glucocorticoid concentrations were measured in a subset of 304 men and 573 women, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Genetic associations were detected using PLINK. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing. A SNP at SERPINA6/A1, rs17090691 (effect allele G), was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (BP) in all adults combined (p = 9.47 × 10−6). Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated an association between rs1051052 (effect allele G), another SERPINA6/A1 SNP, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in women (p = 1.23 × 10−5). No association was observed between these variants and glucocorticoids or between any of the CYP17A1 SNPs and metabolic outcomes after adjusting for multiple testing. Furthermore, there were no associations between any of the SNPs tested and the metabolic syndrome. This study reports novel genetic associations between two SNPs at SERPINA6/A1 and key cardiometabolic risk factors in black South Africans. Future replication and functional studies in larger populations are required to confirm the role of the identified SNPs in the metabolic syndrome and assess if these associations are mediated by circulating glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, HbA1c levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and diabetes treatment target achievement in repeated cross-sectional surveys: the population-based Tromsø Study 1994–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e041846
Author(s):  
Petja Lyn Langholz ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hba1c Levels

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate time trends in known and undiagnosed diabetes, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and other cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population as well as treatment target achievement among those with diabetes.Design and settingRepeated cross-sectional surveys in the population-based Tromsø Study.MethodsWe used age-adjusted generalised estimating equation models to study trends in self-reported and undiagnosed (HbA1c ≥6.5%) diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in 27 281 women and men aged 40–84 years examined in up to four surveys of the Tromsø Study between 1994 and 2016. Further, we analysed trends in diabetes treatment target achievement.ResultsDuring 1994–2016, diabetes prevalence increased in women (2.3% to 4.6%) and men (2.4% to 5.8%) and in all age groups, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes in women (32% to 17%) and men (37% to 24%) decreased. Blood pressure and total cholesterol decreased, while waist circumference increased in participants with and without diabetes, leading to a relatively stable prevalence of the metabolic syndrome throughout the study period. There was a marginal increase in HbA1c levels among participants without diabetes. Only half of those with diabetes achieved the treatment target of HbA1c ≤7.0%.ConclusionIn the last two decades, diabetes prevalence increased, while the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes declined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remained stable throughout, driven by opposing trends with an increase in obesity and a decrease in other cardiometabolic risk factors. HbA1c treatment target achievement did not improve.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids associate with cardiometabolic risk factors in black South Africans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphiwe N Dlamini ◽  
Zané Lombard ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Nigel Crowther ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
African Women ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Beta Coefficient

Circulating glucocorticoids are associated with the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk factors in non-Africans. This study investigated these associations in Africans, whose metabolic phenotype reportedly differs from Europeans. Measures of adiposity, blood pressure, glycaemia, insulin resistance, and lipid profile, were measured in 316 African men and 788 African women living in Soweto, Johannesburg. The 2009 harmonized criteria were used to define the metabolic syndrome. Serum glucocorticoids were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cortisol was associated with greater odds of presenting with the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) =1.50 [1.04, 2.17] and higher systolic (beta coefficient, β (95%CI) =0.04 [0.01, 0.08]) and diastolic (0.05 [0.02, 0.09]) blood pressure, but higher HDL (0.10 [0.02, 0.19]) and lower LDL (-0.14 [-0.24, -0.03]) cholesterol concentrations, in the combined sample of men and women. In contrast, corticosterone was only associated with higher insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index; 0.22 [0.03, 0.41]), but this was not independent of BMI. Sex-specific associations were observed, such that both cortisol and corticosterone were associated with higher fasting glucose (standardized β (95%CI): 0.24 [0.12, 0.36] for cortisol; and 0.12 [0.01, 0.23] for corticosterone) and HbA1c (0.13 [0.01, 0.25] for cortisol; and 0.12 [0.01, 0.24] for corticosterone) in men only, but lower HbA1c (0.10 [ -0.20, -0.01] for cortisol; and -0.09 [-0.18, -0.03] for corticosterone) in women only. Our study reports for the first time that associations between circulating glucocorticoid concentrations and key cardiometabolic risk factors exhibit both glucocorticoid- and sex-specificity in Africans.

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