scholarly journals Genetic variation between and within populations of a perennial grass: Arrhenatherum elatius

Heredity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Ducousso ◽  
Daniel Petit ◽  
Myrian Valero ◽  
Philippe Vernet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Biomass Yield and Predicted Genetic Gain in Lowland Switchgrass “Kanlow”

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Santosh Nayak ◽  
Hem Bhandari ◽  
Carl Sams ◽  
Virginia Sykes ◽  
Haileab Hilafu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial grass valued as a promising candidate species for bioenergy feedstock production. Biomass yield is the most important trait for any bioenergy feedstock. This study was focused on understanding the genetics underlying biomass yield and feedstock quality traits in a “Kanlow” population. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess genetic variation (ii) estimate the narrow sense heritability, and (iii) predict genetic gain per cycle of selection for biomass yield and the components of lignocelluloses. Fifty-four Kanlow half-sib (KHS) families along with Kanlow check were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in Tennessee: Knoxville and Crossville. The data were recorded for two consecutive years: 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant genetic variation for biomass yield (p < 0.05), hemicellulose concentration (p < 0.05), and lignin concentration (p < 0.01). The narrow sense heritability estimates for biomass yield was very low (0.10), indicating a possible challenge to improve this trait. A genetic gain of 16.5% is predicted for biomass yield in each cycle of selection by recombining parental clones of 10% of superior progenies.

Seasonal variations of cadmium and zinc in Arrhenatherum elatius, a perennial grass species from highly contaminated soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Deram ◽  
Franck-Olivier Denayer ◽  
Daniel Petit ◽  
Chantal Van Haluwyn
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

An assessment of genetic variation and relationships of smooth bromegrass cultivars and accessions using AFLP markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaozhe Li, Yasas S. N. Ferdinandez ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
The North ◽  
Former Ussr

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) is an important cultivated perennial grass species in temperate regions of North America. Information on the genetic diversity and the relationships of available populations is necessary for an effective cultivar improvement program in this crop. The objective of this study was to assess and characterize the genetic variation and relationships of smooth bromegrass cultivars and genebank accessions on the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Fourteen wild accessions and 23 cultivars representing several regions of the world were analyzed using six AFLP primer combinations. Of the total number of markers amplified, 90% was polymorphic. A set of 159 robust polymorphic markers was used to genotype the individuals. No AFLP band was specific to an individual bromegrass accession, but bands appeared in different frequencies among the populations. The molecular marker variation within populations of smooth bromegrass (79%) was higher than that among populations (21%). Cultivars developed in the former USSR were the most variable, followed by those developed in the United States of America and Canada. As a group, cultivars were more variable than wild genebank accessions. All of the North American smooth bromegrass cultivars were clustered together, suggesting a common ancestry of North American smooth brome cultivars developed over the past 60 yr. Cultivars developed in the former USSR occurred in several different clusters in the dendrogram, indicating a high among-cultivar diversity. Key words: Bromegrass, accessions, AFLP markers

Selection for seed retention in Phalaris tuberosa L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Selection For

Loss of seed from the maturing inflorescence (seed shattering) is common in grasses and constitutes a serious economic problem in many species. This paper reports the results of artificial selection to improve seed retention in Phalaris tuberosa, an important perennial grass in south-eastern Australia. A study of the factors controlling the loss of seed in this species has revealed that the seed lies free within the inflorescence at maturity, and its loss is promoted by the opening of the glumes. This in turn is influenced by the structure of the inflorescence. The highest seed retention has been found in plants with a short rigid inflorescence containing a large number of densely packed spikelets. Wide variation for seed retention exists between strains of P. tuberosa. The lowest value (25%) was found for natural ecotypes from Algeria and Morocco, and the highest for a selection from a strain of the Australian commercial type obtained from Argentina (81%). An estimate of the heritability for seed retention was high (0.92 ± 0.11), and most of the genetic variation appeared to be additive. There was a marked response to selection for high seed retention. With the Argentine variety as the base population, an increase of 29% in the average level of seed retention was achieved from the first cycle of selection. This level represents an increase of 60% by comparison with the widely grown commercial strain. The importance of high seed retention in relation to the economics of Phalaris seed production is briefly discussed.

Phenotypic plasticity in relation to ploidy level and corm production in the perennial grass Arrhenatherum elatius

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1964-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Petit ◽  
John D. Thompson ◽  
François Bretagnolle
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
Two Populations

Phenotypic plasticity may play a critical role in the response of natural populations to selective pressures in variable environments and may help explain differences in the ecological and geographical distribution of closely related taxa. In this study we quantify phenotypic plasticity in three subspecies of the European grass polyploid complex Arrhenatherum elatius, ssp. sardoum, elatius, and bulbosum, to test two hypotheses: (i) Does the widespread tetraploid ssp. elatius show greater phenotypic homeostasis in fitness related traits than its Mediterranean endemic related diploid ssp. Sardoum? (ii) Does the corm-forming tetraploid ssp. bulbosum (which is widespread throughout northwest Europe) differ from ssp. elatius (which does not have corms) in patterns of resource allocation across environments? Eight genotypes from each of two populations of each subspecies were cloned and grown in four replicated garden environments (a combination of two light and nutrient levels). Mean reaction norms for each subspecies showed no consistent variation between tetraploids and diploids in the plasticity of fitness-related traits over the range of the studied environments. Tetraploid genotypes showed consistently greater values than diploids across all environments, which may partly explain the more widespread distribution of tetraploids. The two tetraploids differed in patterns of resource allocation across environments, with ssp. bulbosum maintaining a relatively more constant vegetative to floral biomass ratio across three of the four environments. Keywords: phenotypic plasticity, ploidy levels, corm production, Arrhenatherum elatius.

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