Genetic Variation for Biomass Yield and Predicted Genetic Gain in Lowland Switchgrass “Kanlow”

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial grass valued as a promising candidate species for bioenergy feedstock production. Biomass yield is the most important trait for any bioenergy feedstock. This study was focused on understanding the genetics underlying biomass yield and feedstock quality traits in a “Kanlow” population. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess genetic variation (ii) estimate the narrow sense heritability, and (iii) predict genetic gain per cycle of selection for biomass yield and the components of lignocelluloses. Fifty-four Kanlow half-sib (KHS) families along with Kanlow check were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in Tennessee: Knoxville and Crossville. The data were recorded for two consecutive years: 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant genetic variation for biomass yield (p < 0.05), hemicellulose concentration (p < 0.05), and lignin concentration (p < 0.01). The narrow sense heritability estimates for biomass yield was very low (0.10), indicating a possible challenge to improve this trait. A genetic gain of 16.5% is predicted for biomass yield in each cycle of selection by recombining parental clones of 10% of superior progenies.

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470 Narrow-sense Heritability Estimates for Melon Root Traits

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.475a ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 475A-475

Author(s):

Kevin M. Crosby

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Root System ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Systems ◽

Root Surface ◽

Root Tip ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Heritability Estimates

Improving melon root systems by traditional breeding is one component of the program to develop multiple-stress-resistant melons at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco. Ten diverse melon lines representing four horticultural groups were intercrossed utilizing a Design II mating scheme. The male parents were: `PI 403994,' `Perlita,' `Doublon,' `Caravelle', and `PI 525106.' The female parents were: `Créme de Menthe,' `Magnum 45,' `BSK,' `PI 124111 × TDI', and `Deltex.' F1 progeny were grown in pasteurized sand in the greenhouse using a randomized complete-block design with four reps. After 4 weeks, root systems from all plants were carefully washed to remove the sand. Each root system was then placed onto a glass, plated, and scanned into the computer software Rhizo Pro 3.8 (Regent Instruments, Quebec). This software calculated root lengths of various diameter classes, root area, and root tip number. All data was input into Agrobase software for calculation of genetic variances based on Design II analysis. Significant differences of contributions by male parents to progeny variation were few. Only length of roots with 1.0- to 1.5-mm-diameter and vine length were significantly different. Differences in contributions by female parents to all traits except root tip number were highly significant. No significant interaction effects were observed for any trait. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were moderate to high for all traits. The range was from 0.56 for root tip number by males to 0.81 for both length of 0.5- to 1.0-mm-diameter roots and vine length for females. Estimates for total root length (0.76) and root surface area (0.77) were high. The lack of male by female interaction suggests very low dominance genetic variation and contributed to high heritability estimates, which represent predominantly additive gene action. Additive genetic variation allows more-efficient progress by selection, making the potential for root system improvement favorable.

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Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.665-671.2358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽

Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽

Ezatollah Farshadfar

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Gene Action ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Breeding Methods ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Diallel Mating Design ◽

Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

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Fertilizer N rates to optimize bioenergy feedstock production and water quality in semi-arid environments

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2447 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brett Allen ◽

Upendra Sainju ◽

Jay Jabro

Keyword(s):

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Warm Season ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Bioenergy Feedstock ◽

N Rates ◽

The Impact ◽

Semi Arid

<p>Renewable bioenergy feedstocks offset the demand for conventional petroleum-based energy resources. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial C4 grass that has been utilized for lingo-cellulosic ethanol production and direct energy via combustion. However, little is known about its potential as a feedstock in the semi-arid northern Great Plains USA, including the impact of N fertilizer application on biomass production and on environmental quality. A field study initiated in 2009 seeded &#8216;Sunburst&#8217; switchgrass into 12.2 m by 30.5 m plots. Split plots randomized within each main plot included fertilizer N broadcast each spring at 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N per ha as urea, with four treatment replicates. Aboveground biomass, allowing a 20 cm stubble height, was harvested, weighed, and dried at 55 deg C each fall beginning in 2011 from four randomly selected 0.25 m sq areas. Soil cores were taken to a depth of 1.2 m in fall 2018, air-dried, and analyzed for soil nitrate. Switchgrass biomass ranged from 1.8 to 12.3 Mg per ha. In most years, N application increased switchgrass biomass, but response to N rates above 28 kg per ha was inconsistent. Biomass from fertilized switchgrass averaged 6.5 Mg per ha compared to 4.4 Mg per ha for the unfertilized control.&#160; Soil nitrate levels indicated the potential of (over)fertilization of switchgrass feedstocks to impact water resources in semi-arid environments.</p>

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Heritability for Yield and Glycoalkaloid Content in Potato Breeding under Warm Environments

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2017-0059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manuel A. Gastelo Benavides ◽

Luis Diaz ◽

Gabriela Burgos ◽

Thomas Zum Felde ◽

Merideth Bonierbale

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Potato Production ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Glycoalkaloid Content ◽

High Heritability ◽

Heat Tolerant ◽

Broadsense Heritability ◽

The Tropics

AbstractHigh temperatures affect potato production in the tropics, putting tuber yield and quality at risk and leading to increased glycoalkaloid concentration the cause of the bitter taste in potatoes and a cause for concern for human health. The International Potato Center (CIP), has developed new heat tolerant clones which are heat tolerant and also resistant to late blight. These clones offer an opportunity to evaluate yield and glycoalkaloid levels after growth under high temperature environments. We evaluated four sets of 16 full-sib families and 20 clones for tuber yield and glycoalkaloid content in order to estimate narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability respectively. We used a randomized complete block design replicated in three locations in Peru; San Ramon, La Molina and Majes At harvest, the number and weight of marketable and nonmarketable tubers were recorded. We analyzed samples of tubers from each clone for glycoalkaloid content using spectrophotometry. Narrow-sense heritability for tuber yield, tuber number and average tuber weight were 0.41, 0.50 and 0.83, respectively, indicating that further gains in breeding for heat tolerance will be possible. Broadsense heritability for glycoalkaloid content was 0.63 and correlation with tuber yield was weak, r=0.33 and R²=0.11 (P<0.01). High heritability and weak correlation will allow us to select clones with high tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid content, to serve as candidate varieties and parents in breeding programs.

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Rising out of the ashes: additive genetic variation for susceptibility to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Fraxinus excelsior

10.1101/031393 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Muñoz ◽

B. Marçais ◽

J. Dufour ◽

A. Dowkiw

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Fraxinus Excelsior ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Ash Dieback ◽

Family Effects ◽

Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽

Natural Range ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Crown Dieback

AbstractSince the early 1990s, ash dieback due to the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is threatening Fraxinus excelsior in most of its natural range. Previous studies reported significant levels of genetic variability for susceptibility in F. excelsior either in field or inoculation experiments. The present study was based on a field experiment planted in 1995, fifteen years before onset of the disease. Crown and collar status were monitored on 788 trees from 23 open-pollinated progenies originating from 3 French provenances. Susceptibility was modeled using a Bayesian approach where spatio-temporal effects were explicitly taken into account. Moderate narrow-sense heritability was found for Crown Dieback (CD, h2=0.42). This study is first to show that Collar Lesions are also heritable (h2=0.49 for prevalence and h2=0.42 for severity) and that there is significant genetic correlation (r=0.40) between the severities of both symptoms. There was no evidence for differences between Provenances. Family effects were detected, but computing Individual Breeding Values (IBV) showed that most of the genetic variation lies within families. In agreement with previous reports, early flushing correlates with better crown status. Consequences of these results in terms of management and breeding are discussed.

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Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield Components of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under Drought Stress Conditions

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35849/bjare202102012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

A. Sheidu ◽

T. M. Igyuve ◽

A. E. Ochigbo

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Mean ◽

Parental Mating ◽

Pod Number

The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Five Cowpea genotypes (FUAMPEA-1, IT99K-573-1-1, SAMPEA-16, SAMPEA-8, BIU LOCAL) were crossed and advanced to F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations using bi-parental mating design. The six generations were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant test of the mean performances among the entries showed significant differences among the generations for the characters studied. Wide ranges of narrow sense heritability (18 to 79%), broad sense heritability (21 to 92%) and genetic advance (5.7 to 24.1%) were obtained for characters studied. Broad and narrow sense heritability as well as genetic advance was moderate to high for most of the characters studied such as days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to pod maturity, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, root length and grain yield for the three sets of cowpea crosses. The results also revealed the possibility of exploitation for grain yield and drought tolerance in the crosses studied.

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Rising Out of the Ashes: Additive Genetic Variation for Crown and Collar Resistance to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Fraxinus excelsior

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-11-15-0284-r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (12) ◽

pp. 1535-1543 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Facundo Muñoz ◽

Benoît Marçais ◽

Jean Dufour ◽

Arnaud Dowkiw

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Health Status ◽

Fraxinus Excelsior ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Ash Dieback ◽

Family Effects ◽

Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽

Natural Range ◽

Crown Dieback

Since the early 1990s, ash dieback due to the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is threatening Fraxinus excelsior in most of its natural range. Previous studies reported significant levels of genetic variability in susceptibility in F. excelsior either in field or inoculation experiments. The present study was based on a field experiment planted in 1995, 15 years before onset of the disease. Crown and collar status were monitored on 777 trees from 23 open-pollinated progenies originating from three French provenances. Health status was modeled using a Bayesian approach where spatiotemporal effects were explicitly taken into account. Moderate narrow-sense heritability was found for crown dieback (h2 = 0.42). This study is first to show that resistance at the collar level is also heritable (h2 = 0.49 for collar lesions prevalence and h2 = 0.42 for their severity) and that there is significant genetic correlation (r = 0.40) between the severities of crown and collar symptoms. There was no evidence for differences between provenances. Family effects were detected, but computing individual breeding values showed that most of the genetic variation lies within families. In agreement with previous reports, early flushing correlates with healthier crown. Implications of these results in disease management and breeding are discussed.

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Phenotyping a Diverse Collection of Forage Sorghum Genotypes for Chilling Tolerance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1074

Author(s):

Swarup Podder ◽

Dulan Samarappuli ◽

James V. Anderson ◽

Marisol T. Berti

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Warm Season ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Chilling Tolerance ◽

Bioenergy Feedstock ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Sorghum Genotypes

Forage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a warm-season biomass crop used as forage for hay or silage with the potential to become a bioenergy feedstock or for dual-purpose (forage and energy). The objective of this study was to screen potential forage sorghum genotypes for increased chilling tolerance and biomass productivity. Seventy-one genotypes of FS were first ranked for high to low vigor index under controlled conditions at 24, 12, and 10 °C. Field experiments were also conducted on a subset of 12 genotypes in Fargo and Hickson, ND, USA, in 2017 and 2018, using two different seeding dates: early (10 May) and late (27 May). Field emergence index values were greater for the late-seeding compared with the early seeding date. Under field conditions, seed mortality and biomass yield were affected by the seeding date and biomass yield correlated with emergence index and normalized vegetative index. Chemical composition of forage sorghum biomass was not affected by the seeding dates. The results of this study suggest that some forage sorghum genotypes carry genetic traits for increased chilling tolerance and produce greater biomass yield when seeded earlier than normal, which could allow for breeding chilling tolerance into forage sorghum.

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Heritability of Dollar Spot Resistance in Creeping Bentgrass

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-0808 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (8) ◽

pp. 808-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Stacy A. Bonos

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Dollar Spot ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Spot Disease

The dollar spot disease incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is an important disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. Despite recent research, the genetic mechanism of dollar spot resistance in turfgrasses is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine narrow-sense heritability and predicted gain from selection for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass and (ii) evaluate inheritance characteristics of dollar spot disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as the detection of major genes, heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible bent-grass clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with one isolate of S. homoeocarpa applied at a rate of 0.25 g m-2 of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed over both years. Progeny from resistant × resistant crosses had significantly less disease severity than resistant × susceptible and susceptible × susceptible crosses. High narrow-sense heritability estimates (0.79 [2002], 0.79 [2003]) and large mean squares for general combining ability support the idea that additive gene action plays a significant role in disease resistance and support previous research that dollar spot resistance is most likely quantitatively inherited.

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Prediction of genetic gain in Ficus variegata progeny trial based on breeding value

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

Author(s):

LILIEK HARYJANTO ◽

Prastyono Prastyono ◽

Yayan Hadiyan ◽

Mudji Susanto

Keyword(s):

Genetic Correlation ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Block Design ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Family Selection ◽

Progeny Trial ◽

Individual Value ◽

Estimation Of Variance

Abstract. Haryjanto L, Prastyono, Hadiyan Y, Susanto M. 2019. Prediction of genetic gain in Ficus variegata progeny trial based on breeding value. Biodiversitas 20: 2994-2999. Prediction of genetic gain in Ficus variegata Blume progeny trial based on breeding values. The aim of this study was to estimate the breeding value based on components variance and genetic gain prediction of Ficus variegata Blume using REML/BLUP. A total of 17 families of Ficus variegata Blume were evaluated at three years after planting at progeny trial in Mangunan, Bantul, Yogyakarta laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Estimation of variance family (height and diameter) were ± 5% of total variance. Narrow-sense individual heritability was moderate (0.27 and 0.21 respectively) indicated promising genetic improvement. Strong genetic correlation of height and diameter (rG=0.9) indicated that improving a trait will improving others. BLUP analysis for diameter trait showed that the best individual value from best family selection was appropriated with restriction 10 family and 5 individual per family and genetic gain prediction was 15.83% gave acceptable rate of inbreeding 2% per generation.

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