scholarly journals Genetical aspects of hybrid embryo abortion in the genus Lens L.

Heredity ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Abbo ◽  
G Ladizinsky
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Hybrid Embryo

Anatomical Aspects of Hybrid Embryo Abortion in the Genus Lens L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abbo ◽  
G. Ladizinsky
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Hybrid Embryo

A novel ERF transcription factor, CmERF12, negatively influences chrysanthemum embryo development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujuan Xu ◽  
Huizhong Hou ◽  
Ze Wu ◽  
Jingya Zhao ◽  
Fengjiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Ear Motif ◽  
Ethylene Responsive Factor

Abstract Embryo abortion often occurs during distant hybridization events. Apetala 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) proteins are key transcription factor (TF) regulators of plant development and stress resistance, but their roles in hybrid embryo development are poorly understood. We isolated a novel AP2/ERF TF, CmERF12, from chrysanthemum and showed that it adversely affects embryo development during distant hybridization. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR data demonstrated that CmERF12 is expressed at significantly higher levels in aborted ovaries compared with normal ovaries. CmERF12 localizes to the cell nucleus and contains a conserved EAR motif that mediates its transcription repressor function in yeast and plant cells. We generated an amiR-CmERF12 transgenic Chrysanthemum morifolium (C.m.) var. ‘Yuhualuoying’ and conducted distant hybridization with the wild-type tetraploid, Chrysanthemum nankingense (C.n.), revealing that CmERF12 knockdown significantly promoted embryo development and increased the seed setting rates during hybridization. The expression of various embryo development-related genes was up-regulated in developing ovaries from the ♀amiR-CmERF12-C.m. × ♂C.n. cross. Furthermore, CmERF12 directly interacted with CmSUF4 and significantly reduced its ability to activate its target gene CmEC1. Overall, we invented an original method to overcome plant distant hybridization barriers and unraveled the mechanism by which CmERF12 negatively affects chrysanthemum embryo development.

scholarly journals Aneuploid abortion correlates positively with MAD1 overexpression and miR-125b down-regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Guangxin Chen ◽  
Lijun Du ◽  
Peiyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Mitotic Checkpoint ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mitotic Checkpoint Complex

Abstract Background Aneuploidy is the most frequent cause of early-embryo abortion. Any defect in chromosome segregation would fail to satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) during mitosis, halting metaphase and causing aneuploidy. The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), comprising MAD1, MAD2, Cdc20, BUBR1 and BUB3, plays a vital role in SAC activation. Studies have confirmed that overexpression of MAD2 and BUBR1 can facilitate correct chromosome segregation and embryo stability. Research also proves that miR-125b negatively regulates MAD1 expression by binding to its 3′UTR. However, miR-125b, Mad1 and Bub3 gene expression in aneuploid embryos of spontaneous abortion has not been reported to date. Methods In this study, embryonic villi from miscarried pregnancies were collected and divided into two groups (aneuploidy and euploidy) based on High-throughput ligation-dependent probe amplification (HLPA) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. RNA levels of miR-125b, MAD1 and BUB3 were detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); protein levels of MAD1 and BUB3 were analysed by Western blotting. Results statistical analysis (p < 0.05) showed that miR-125b and BUB3 were significantly down-regulated in the aneuploidy group compared to the control group and that MAD1 was significantly up-regulated. Additionally, the MAD1 protein level was significantly higher in aneuploidy abortion villus, but BUB3 protein was only mildly increased. Correlation analysis revealed that expression of MAD1 correlated negatively with miR-125b. Conclusion These results suggest that aneuploid abortion correlates positively with MAD1 overexpression, which might be caused by insufficient levels of miR-125b. Taken together, our findings first confirmed the negative regulatory mode between MAD1 and miR-125b, providing a basis for further mechanism researches in aneuploid abortion.

Reproductive incompatibility barriers in crosses between Vaccinium corymbosum and V. elliottii

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1987-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Munoz ◽  
P. M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility

A study was made of barriers to hybridization between tetraploid V. corymbosum L., the cultivated highbush blueberry, and V. elliottii Chapm., a wild diploid blueberry which may be useful in breeding cultivars adapted to the southeastern United States. Both prefertilization and postfertilization barriers were detected. Prefertilization barriers were mainly observed when V. elliottii was the male parent and were manifested as an arrest of pollen tube growth at the base of the style. In cases where fertilization did take place, regardless of which species was used as the female, a strong postfertilization barrier usually prevented development of hybrid zygotes. Zygotes remained in a resting state after fertilization and usually aborted before dividing. Meanwhile, the endosperm underwent four to six cycles of cell division before it started to degenerate. A causal relationship between embryo abortion and endosperm malfunction was not clearly established. Endosperm malfunction and embryo abortion were delayed when V. corymbosum was the female parent.

scholarly journals Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz SHEKARI ◽  
Abdollah JAVANMARD ◽  
Amin ABBASI
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rapeseed Production ◽  
Polymer Application ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

Limitation of water resources and its great impact on agricultural and natural resources play a crucial role in the efficiency of water use. Applying super absorbent polymer to the soil may be one of the methods to minimize the stress of weather dryness in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to evaluate the effects of hydrophilic polymer application on yield and water use efficiency of rapeseed plants, an experiment was conducted under field condition in 2012 at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh. Treatments’ factors were: (i) 3 super absorbent polymers (SAP) (Taravat A200) levels of 0 (without application), 75 and 150 kg ha-1 A200 application, (ii) three irrigation levels of 80, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from class A basin in main plots, (iii) two cultivars ʻHyola 401ʼ and ʻRVSʼ in sub plots as factorial split plot combination based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that in all of the measured traits within the experiment there were significant differences between SAP levels. Furthermore, increasing irrigation interval led to an increase in a thousand seeds’ weight, but decreased seed yield. Increasing water stress raised seed oil percent and infertile silique and subsequently resulted in reduced oil yield. ʻHyola 401ʼ was more susceptible to embryo abortion compared with ʻRVSʼ. As a conclusion of the research, SAP (A200) application in quantities smaller than 75 kg ha-1 may be recommended for rapeseed production under field condition.

Crossability Barriers in Interspecific Hybridization of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] with Other Vigna Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Bhardwaj ◽  
Tanuja Kapoor ◽  
Parveen Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Vigna Species ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Specific Hybridization

Background: Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] is a multipurpose grain legume of Mid-Himalayan region mainly cultivated for food, fodder, green manure and has emerged as a good alternative to other pulse crops such as blackgram and greengram which do not flourish in this region due to their susceptibility to cold temperature stress. It is well reported that the nutritional value of ricebean is higher as compared to many other legumes of the Vigna family and has some superior qualities greater than greengram, blackgram and cowpea. It is also resistance to drought, diseases and pests specially the storage pests during growth period and possesses high percentage of seed viability. Despite having all the favourable traits, it is not much popular among the farmers due to the late maturity and indeterminate growth habit. Instead, farmers prefer other crops which fit easily into their cropping pattern and are easy to harvest. A little genetic improvement with respect to maturity and growth habit can revive its cultivation and show great results in its production as a valuable crop. Thus, the present investigation was formulated to introgress desired traits from mash and adzukibean into otherwise high yielding ricebean genotypes using inter-specific hybridization. Methods: The present investigation involves the inter-specific hybridization among three Vigna species viz, ricebean (Vigna umbellata), blackgram (Vigna mungo) and adzukibean (Vigna angularis). In the year 2017, six genotypes of ricebean (RBHP-36, RBHP-38, RBHP-43, RBHP-61, RBHP-107 and RBHP-108) were crossed with two genotypes of blackgram (HimMash-1 and Palampur-93) and one genotype of adzukibean (HPU-51) in glasshouse conditions. Result: The study revealed that successful crosses were possible only between ricebean and blackgram. All the Inter-specific crosses showed very low pod set percentage ranging from 0 -4% and F1 germination percentage ranging from 20-42%. Pod set percentage and pods harvested varied with combinations of two parental cultivars of each species for most of the inter-specific hybrids. The successful pod set was observed in 16 out of 36 inter-specific crosses. Highest crossability was observed in blackgram and ricebean crosses. Crossing of adzukibean with ricebean showed poor or no pod set among the entire cross combinations which are attributed to early embryo abortion and degeneration during embryogenesis.

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