scholarly journals Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz SHEKARI ◽  
Abdollah JAVANMARD ◽  
Amin ABBASI

Limitation of water resources and its great impact on agricultural and natural resources play a crucial role in the efficiency of water use. Applying super absorbent polymer to the soil may be one of the methods to minimize the stress of weather dryness in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to evaluate the effects of hydrophilic polymer application on yield and water use efficiency of rapeseed plants, an experiment was conducted under field condition in 2012 at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh. Treatments’ factors were: (i) 3 super absorbent polymers (SAP) (Taravat A200) levels of 0 (without application), 75 and 150 kg ha-1 A200 application, (ii) three irrigation levels of 80, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from class A basin in main plots, (iii) two cultivars ʻHyola 401ʼ and ʻRVSʼ in sub plots as factorial split plot combination based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that in all of the measured traits within the experiment there were significant differences between SAP levels. Furthermore, increasing irrigation interval led to an increase in a thousand seeds’ weight, but decreased seed yield. Increasing water stress raised seed oil percent and infertile silique and subsequently resulted in reduced oil yield. ʻHyola 401ʼ was more susceptible to embryo abortion compared with ʻRVSʼ. As a conclusion of the research, SAP (A200) application in quantities smaller than 75 kg ha-1 may be recommended for rapeseed production under field condition.

Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
D. N. Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avinash Pandey

The present investigation was carried out with F2 plants from a cross between two parents i.e., BPT-5204 and IR-64Drt1. The selection of parents for crosses was made based on genotypes that were tolerant and susceptible to drought condition. BPT-5204 was drought susceptible and IR-64Drt1 was also tolerant to drought. In this experiment adequate amount of variability was detected for grain yield per plant and its components among 324 segregants evaluated under augmented randomized block design II in normal field condition. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its attributing characters among blocks, treatments, entries, checks and checks vs entries revealed presence of significant variation in the segregants studied. However, with respect to checks, non-significant differences were recorded for only L/B ratio. The results indicated that among 324 rice genotypes including checks, only 9 rice genotypes expressed higher yield compared to seven checks varieties under normal field condition. The segregants S-51, S-122, S-135, S-195, S-199, S-210, S-219, S-222, S-251 were top ranking genotypes with respect to all checks.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Barcelos Souza Lopes ◽  
Taynar Coelho de Oliveira Tavares ◽  
Danilo Alves Veloso ◽  
Niléia Cristina da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis

ABSTRACT The population increase and the need of intensifying food production, coupled with the scarcity of water resources, have led to the search of alternatives that reduce consumption and optimize the water use during cultivation. In this context, hydrogels become a strategy in agricultural management, due to their water retention capacity in the soil and availability to plants. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of hydrogels on the development and production of cowpea bean ('Sempre-verde' cultivar) under water stress, in a greenhouse. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with five replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four types of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyA, with granulometry of 1-3 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyB, with granulometry of 0.5-1 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyC, with granulometry < 0.5 mm; Polim-Agri, with granulometry of 1-0.5 mm) and five concentrations (0 g pot-1; 1.5 g pot-1; 3 g pot-1; 4.5 g pot-1; 6 g pot-1). The following traits were evaluated: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield. The highest concentration (6 g pot-1) resulted in a higher number of pods and yield for all the hydrogels, especially for HyC and Polim-Agro, which presented 7.4 pods plant-1 and 7.0 pods plant-1, with yield of 15.43 g plant-1 and 16.68 g plant-1, respectively. The use of hydrogel shows to be efficient for reducing yield losses under water stress.


Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES ◽  
FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI ◽  
EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL  MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI4 E EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Fábio Teixeira Delazari, [email protected] Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Bahia Farm Show, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, [email protected]  1      RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis de produção, estádios maturação de frutos e eficiência no uso da água pela cultura do cafeeiro irrigado por pivô central equipado com emissores LEPA, na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos da variedade Catuaí IAC 144. O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento de blocos casualizados, composto de cinco tratamentos correspondentes à 70, 85, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. As produtividades, os estádios de maturação dos frutos e eficiência no uso da água do cafeeiro foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, em que os modelos foram escolhidos baseados na significância dos coeficientes de regressão utilizando-se o teste t de 1 a 10% de probabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, a produtividade da cultura do café foi expressivamente dependente da lâmina de água aplicada, sendo que a maior produtividade (60 sc ha-1) foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação acumulada de 661 mm ano-1, correspondente à 96% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. A lâmina que proporcionou a máxima porcentagem de frutos cereja (44,1%) foi de 723 mm ano-1 (105%). A lâmina que proporcionou a maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 480 mm ano-1 (70%). Palavras-Chave: Coffea arabica, manejo da irrigação, emissor LEPA, uso eficiente da água.  VICENTE, M. R.; MANTOVANI, E. M.; FERNANDES, A. L. T.; DELAZARI, F. T.; FIGUEREDO, E. M.EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS   ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF COFFEE UNDER CENTER PIVOT  IRRIGATION     2        ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on yield, ripening stages and water use efficiency by the   coffee crop irrigated by center pivot with LEPA emitters in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out at the Café Rio Branco farm, in Barreiras city, Bahia state, using  adult coffee trees of cv. Catuaí IAC 144. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments consisting of 70, 85, 100, 125 and 150 % of ETc, determined by the Irriplus software.  Data of yield, fruit ripening stage and water use efficiency were evaluated   using analyses of variance  and regression. Models were chosen based on level of significance of   regression coefficients using the Student´s t-test, 1 to  10% probability.  Based on the results,  coffee crop yield was highly dependent on  the water depth applied. The highest yield (3.6 ton/ha) was achieved  using accumulated irrigation depth of 661 mm year -1 (96 % of Etc).  Water depths of   723 mm year-1 (105 %) and 480 mm year-1 (70% ETc)  provided the highest percentage of cherry fruit (44.1%) and the highest water use efficiency, respectively. Keywords: Coffea arábica, irrigation management, LEPA emitter, water use efficiency.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Zainal Arifin ◽  
Moh. Saeri

<p>Budidaya bawang merah di lahan kering mempunyai ketersediaan air terbatas sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan air secara efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh interval waktu pemberian air yang efisien dan jenis mulsa yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani bawang merah. Penelitian pengelolaan air dengan interval pengairan dan mulsa pada bawang merah varietas Monjung dilaksanakan pada MK II 2016 dalam luasan 2.500 m2 (ukuran petak 15 m x 6 m) di Desa Bunbarat, Kecamatan Rubaru, Kabupaten Sumenep, disusun secara acak kelompok faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu: faktor I (mulsa): (a) mulsa plastik, (b) mulsa jerami, dan (c) tanpa mulsa, sedangkan faktor II (pengairan): (a) 1 hari sekali, (b) 2 hari sekali, dan (c) 3 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali memberikan bobot umbi 7,89 ton/ha dan penggunaan air selama pertumbuhan tanaman sebesar 1.230 m3/ha sehingga untuk menghasilkan 1 kg umbi dibutuhkan 156 liter air. Berdasarkan hasil analisis usahatani bawang merah yang diberi mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air dan biaya produksi serta mempunyai B/C ratio tertinggi (2,27) sehingga layak secara ekonomi.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Pengelolaan air; Bawang merah; Mulsa; Lahan kering</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Shallot cultivation in dry land has limited water availability so needed to efficient water management. This study aims to obtain an efficient water time interval and mulch type that can increase production and farming income of shallot. Research on water management with irrigation interval and mulch on shallot of Monjung variety was implemented at dry season year 2016 in the area of 2,500 m2 (the size of plot 15 m long to 6 m width) at Bunbarat Village, Rubaru Subdistrict, Sumenep Regency were arranged of randomized block design by factorial with nine treatments and three replications : I (mulch): (a) plastic mulch, (b) straw mulch, and (c) without mulch, while factor II (irrigation): (a) irrigation every 1 day, (b) irrigation every 2 days, and (c) irrigation every 3 days. The results showed that straw mulch treatment with irrigation every 2 days gave a tuber weight of 7.89 ton/ha and the use of water during plant growth was 1,230 m3/ha so that to produce 1 kg of tubers required 156 liters of water. The analysis of shallot farming that is given mulch straw accompanied by irrigation every 2 days can increase the efficiency of water use and production costs and has the highest B/C ratio (2.27) so that it is economically feasible.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Suresh ◽  
Shiv O. Prasher ◽  
Ramanbhai M. Patel ◽  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Eman Elsayed ◽  
...  

Abstract. There is a need to develop innovative techniques to effectively use water in agriculture to meet the growing demands for food. Super absorbent polymers (SAPs), or hydrogels, can absorb and retain large amounts of water against gravitational forces and release it on demand to meet plant water requirements. Being an artificially synthesized compound, it is imperative that SAPs should not introduce toxicity to the growing medium or produce. The objectives of this study were to determine whether SAPs can improve water use efficiency (WUE) and the physiological growth of cherry tomatoes ( var. ) without causing soil toxicity. A pot-trial experiment was carried out in 2014 at the Research Greenhouse of McGill University’s Macdonald Campus (Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada) in a completely randomized design, with three concentrations of SAP (0%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) and three irrigation intervals (daily, each alternate day, and every third day). The mean yield of the experimental cherry tomatoes was statistically significantly higher where 0.5% SAP was applied, compared to where SAP was not applied (p = 0.0056). The mean WUE was also higher where 0.5% SAP was applied when compared to where SAP was not applied (p = 0.05). To ascertain food safety, the presence of free acrylamide monomer in tomatoes was checked. The acrylamide concentrations were below the detection limit of 5 µg kg-1 in all tomato samples. To assess environmental toxicity, a Microtox toxicology analysis was also conducted on the growing medium, which revealed that the SAP used in the study was not toxic. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of SAP could increase yield and WUE of greenhouse-grown cherry tomatoes. It also appears that SAP did not introduce toxic side-effects in the soil nor in the tomatoes, as determined by Microtox acute toxicity test and acrylamide residue analysis with LC-MS. Keywords: Acrylamide, Cherry tomatoes, Greenhouse, Microtox, Monomer, Super absorbent polymer, Toxicity, Water use efficiency, Yield.


Author(s):  
Kasthuri Rajamani ◽  
K. Indudhar Reddy ◽  
A. Srinivas

The advances and development in agriculture depend not only on mechanization and new hybrid seeds but also on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties which in turn help to increase crop productivity in dry land soils. A field study was carried out to study the influence of superabsorbent polymer at 2.5 and 4.5 kg ha-1and humic acid at 15 and 30 kg ha-1 alone and their combinations with recommended 100% fertilizers on yield, uptake, and photosynthetic pigments of maize grown on rainfed alfisols at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of nine treatments. Further, results showed that conjoint application of [email protected] kg ha-1 + humic acid@30 kg ha-1 along with 100% RDF package significantly increased the pooled grain and stover yield (7136 and 8457 kg ha-1) of maize. Irrespective level of hydrogel and humic acid combinations with 100% RDF increased the macronutrient uptake by grain and stover, which further build up the total uptake. A similar pattern was also observed in corresponding to grain and stover yield.The chlorophyll “a”, “b” and total chlorophyll content (1.81, 1.69 1.54; 0.69, 0.62, 0.55 and 2.65, 2.46 and 2.24 mg g-1 in fresh plant weight at 30, 60 and 90 DAS) significantly influenced by application of [email protected] kg ha-1+ humic acid@30 kg ha-1.  In conclusion, the present investigation indicates the positive interaction between humic acid and super absorbent polymer which improved nutrient uptake and maize yield.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid-Reza FALLAHI ◽  
Reza TAHERPOUR KALANTARI ◽  
Mahsa AGHHAVANI-SHAJARI ◽  
Mohammad-Ghasem SOLTANZADEH

Sustainable use of water resources in agriculture is a necessity for many arid countries. In order to investigate the effect of water deficit, irrigation after 120 (control), 155 (moderate water stress) and 190 mm (sever water stress) pan evaporation and super absorbent polymer rates (SAP) (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) on growth, yield and water use efficiency of cotton, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Moreover, the effect of water quality (distilled water and solutions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25% NaCl) was investigated on water holding capacity by SAP. Results revealed that moderate water stress (irrigation intervals of aprox. 15 days) along with 60 kg ha-1 SAP application was the best treatment in terms of growth and yield indices of cotton. The results for plant height, plant dry weight, boll number per plant and fiber yield in this treatment were 16, 28, 42 and 10% higher than control treatment, respectively. Water deficit and SAP application improved the water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton. The amount of WUE in moderate water stress treatment along with consumption of 60 or 90 kg ha-1 SAP was 26% higher than for control treatment. In addition, water holding capacity by SAP in distilled water treatment was 7 times higher than in the case of 1.25% NaCl solution. The overall results showed that irrigation deficit and SAP application are two appropriate strategies for crop production in areas affected by drought stress, especially if low saline water sources are used.


2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Han ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Peiling Yang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Bibek Acharya ◽  
Ram Kumar Shrestha

Field trial was conducted on horticultural farm of Lamjung Agriculture Campus, Lamjung, Nepal between December-April 2016/17 on onion (Allium cepa), following two factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and fifteen treatments to assess disease severity of Stemphylium blight (Stemphylium vesicarium) and Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor). The onion cultivar Red Creole, widely grown in this locality and susceptible to these diseases was used for trial. The disease intensity for Stemphylium leaf blight and Downy mildew was rated on weekly basis. Disease severity of both the disease significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval during initial and middle growth stage of onion, but in contrary, was found non-significant during later days as the plant approached harvesting stage. Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) also significantly varied in both treatments for both disease. Yield parameters recorded viz. bulb diameter and bulb yield significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval. The interaction effect of both the treatment was found non-significant for disease severity, AUDPC level and yield parameters during entire growth stage of onion. The results indicated that 7 days irrigation interval and government recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 235 kg/ha were significantly better over other level of treatments in reducing Stemphylium blight and Downy mildew disease severity and also increasing yield parameters.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 17-22


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document