scholarly journals The Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Results of In Vitro Tests for Antifungal Action (With Special Reference to the Effect of Maintaining Solubility of the Agents)11From the New York Skin&Cancer Unit, New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, Columbia University, and Wallace Laboratories, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey.

1947 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Foley ◽  
F. Herrmann ◽  
S.W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Medical School ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Antifungal Action

scholarly journals Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidre Jankovskaja ◽  
Johan Engblom ◽  
Melinda Rezeli ◽  
György Marko-Varga ◽  
Tautgirdas Ruzgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Cancer Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractThe tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.

Hydrogen-rich water-alleviated ultraviolet-B-triggered oxidative damage is partially associated with the manipulation of the metabolism of (iso)flavonoids and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Xie ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xingliang Duan ◽  
Chen Dai ◽  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Uvb Irradiation

External administration of hydrogen gas (H2) benefits plants from multiple environmental stimuli. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of H2 in ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation are largely unexplored. Here, the biological function of H2 in the regulation of plant UVB-tolerance was investigated by using hydrogen-rich water (HRW). Results showed that the exposure of alfalfa seedlings to UVB irradiation increased endogenous H2 production. Pretreatment with HRW mimicked the UVB-induced endogenous H2 production. Corresponding UVB-triggered toxic symptoms, in terms of lipid peroxidation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the subsequent growth inhibition, were markedly mitigated. Metabolic profiling analysis by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS), identified 40 (iso)flavonoids in UVB-treated alfalfa plants, with 22 kinds was increased by HRW. These changes resulted in the alternation of (iso)flavonoids profile, with the effective promotion of isoflavone and flavanone subfamilies in particular. These compounds included afromosin, afromosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-malonate, daidzein, formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6ʹʹ-O-malonate, garbanzol, matteucin and naringenin. In vitro tests further showed that the HRW-modulated (iso)flavonoids profile upon UVB stress possessed advanced ROS-quenching and antioxidant capacities under our experimental conditions. Meanwhile, UVB-triggered upregulation in the transcription levels of (iso)flavonoids biosynthetic-related genes were substantially strengthened by HRW. The activities and related transcripts of representative antioxidant enzymes were also induced. Taken together, our findings indicate that HRW confers tolerance to UVB-induced oxidative damage partially by the manipulation of (iso)flavonoids metabolism and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa L.

William Diller Matthew, 1871 - 1930

1932 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
American Museum ◽  
Vertebrate Palaeontology

William Diller Matthew was the eldest child of Dr. G. E. Matthew, of New Brunswick, an amateur geologist, who, by his great collections and excellent papers, added much to our knowledge of that part of Canada. Dr. Matthew was born on February 19,1871, in St. John, New Brunswick ; throughout his life he retained an interest in this town, visiting it yearly, except when abroad, and retaining his Canadian nationality during nearly forty years’ residence in the United States. Dr. Matthew was introduced to geological methods by his father, and sent at first to the small University of Halifax, whence in 1892 he proceeded to Columbia University as a graduate-student, there studying geology, mineralogy and metallurgy. He graduated Ph.D. in 1895. In that year he was selected by Professor H. F. Osborn, whose classes he had attended, as assistant in the department of Vertebrate Palaeontology in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. In this department he worked for thirty-two years, finally becoming Curator-in-chief of the division of geology, mineralogy and palaeontology.

A Prototype Infant Incubator for Heliox Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford J. Singhaus ◽  
Suzanne M. Touch ◽  
Jay S. Greenspan ◽  
Marla R. Wolfson ◽  
Thomas H. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Opening And Closing

Abstract Heliox (Hx) gas has been shown to improve pulmonary function in infants, but methods for its delivery are invasive and problematic. To this end, we modified an Isolette (Hill-Rom Air-Shields) infant incubator (Hxl) to deliver Hx respiratory gas mixtures noninvasively while providing thermal stability for neonatal care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In vitro tests and in vivo animal studies were performed to compare the original design specifications and established baseline performance criteria for the Hxl design. The experimental environments at 50% and 80% relative humidity (RH) consisted of helium (He) with 21% and 50% O2 and control (C) of 21% and 50% O2 with the balance nitrogen (N2). Elapsed times to steady state (SS) and recovery time back to SS (OCDss) due to opening and closing the door were recorded for each variable. All rabbits survived and appeared comfortable during all experimental conditions. These data show that the newly designed Isolette provides similar thermal, O2, CO2, and RH responses as the control incubator. Based on these positive safety/efficacy studies, study of the therapeutic impact of Hxl care on neonatal growth and development is in progress.

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