Triad of rubric assessment, constructive feedback and video recorded surgeries key assessment for competent ophthalmic surgeon

Ophthalmic surgery involves very precise surgical skill, which is difficult to teach and even more cumbersome in assessment of resident’s surgical skill. Hence it’s a need of time to adopt newer tool for transferring as well as assessing surgical skill. With this concept in mind International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) has developed various tools for assessing surgical skills. If we use this tool not only as learning tool but also to give constructive feedback on the surgical skills of resident doctors it will help in creating a competent ophthalmic surgeon and eventually help society in general. 1To develop more standardized surgical training; 2. To assess efficacy and feasibility of new tool in improving surgical skills of Post Graduate(PG) student; 3. To know the effect of constructive feedback on surgical performance. Small incision cataract surgery training is done by Rubric designed by ICO- OSCAR. The same tool was used to assess video recorded cataract surgery of residents by different faculties and assess their surgical skill. The assessor simply circled the observed performance description at each step of the procedure. The ICO-OSCAR score was completed. At the end of the case assessor immediately discussed operated case with student to provide timely, structured, specific performance feedback. Oscar score was recorded and analysed with inter rater agreement. OSCAR TOOL has very good inter rater agreement i.e.(0.96). Analysis of student & Observer feedback infers that OSCAR Tool is best tool for learning as well as assessment tool and is easy to use. Recorded surgeries & constructive feedback from assessor helped Post Graduate students to improve surgically. This resulted in best outcome for patient in terms of good visual acuity post operatively. The formative assessment of surgical skills becomes an integral part of our formal residency, training framework, it would be in the interest of our trainees and trainers that we should adopt the OSCAR tools to train and assess. These tools can add immense value to our residency as well fellowship surgical training and possibly help create a generation of competent trainee.Formative Assessment and constructive feedback in surgical training will improve the competency of new ophthalmic surgeons.Structured surgical training will be relatively easy to observe and perform, as trainee learns what is required to be competent.This will ultimately improve the overall quality of patient care.

The Role of Educational Podcast Use Among Otolaryngology Residents

Objective: Medical podcasts are becoming increasingly available; however, it is unclear how these new resources are being used by trainees or whether they influence clinical practice. This study explores the preferences and experiences of otolaryngology residents with otolaryngology-specific podcasts, and the impact of these podcasts on resident education and clinical practice. Methods: An 18-question survey was distributed anonymously to a representative junior (up to post-graduate year 3) and senior (post-graduate year 4 or greater) otolaryngology residents at most programs across the US. Along with demographic information, the survey was designed to explore the preferences of educational materials, podcast listening habits and motivations, and influence of podcasts on medical practice. Descriptive statistics and student t-tests were used to analyze the results. Results: The survey was distributed to 198 current otolaryngology residents representing 94% of eligible residency programs and was completed by 73 residents (37% response rate). Nearly 3-quarters of respondents reported previous use of otolaryngology podcasts, among which 83% listen at least monthly. Over half of residents changed their overall clinical (53%) and consult (51%) practice based on podcast use. Residents rank-ordered listening to podcasts last among traditional options for asynchronous learning, including reading textbooks and watching online videos. Conclusions: While other asynchronous learning tools remain popular, most residents responding to this survey use podcasts and report that podcasts influence their clinical practice. This study reveals how podcasts are currently used as a supplement to formal otolaryngology education. Results from the survey may inform how medical podcasts could be implemented into resident education in the future.

Abandoned or Degraded Areas in Historic Cities: The Importance of Multifunctional Reuse for Development through the Example of the Historic Commercial Triangle (Emporiko Trigono) of Athens

This article investigates the problem of changing land uses in historical city centers, a problem which often leads to the alteration of their historical, architectural and functional physiognomy, as well as the loss of their inhabitants. It also discusses the importance of land management and proposes a multifunctional reuse model for sustainable development in abandoned or degraded areas in historic cities. This problem is found in historical centers nowadays, especially in the European South, and many theoretical texts and urban studies deal with the issue. Taking under consideration the case of the Historical “Commercial Triangle” of Athens, this article presents the results of an extensive field work, which led to the mapping and analysis of the neighborhood’s special identity. Subsequently, these results lead to the presentation of the problems caused by the dominating uses of recreation and tourism, which suppress the traditional existing commercial uses and the residency. It concludes by proposing preservation strategies for the reuse and development of the area and emphasizes the importance of a management plan aiming towards the preservation of the historical character of the commercial center and its sustainable development. The work presented in this paper is based on an assignment produced in 2020 for the purposes of the post-graduate course “Protection and Preservation of a historical urban center or settlement”, which is part of the post-graduate program “Protection of Monuments” in the School of Architecture, NTUA.

Study on acceptance level of online education during pandemic period among under graduate and post graduate students

This study focuses on analysing the acceptance level with the online education among under graduate and post graduate students during period of pandemic especially during Covid-19. In this regard, student perception with the online education was analysed using the secondary data as collected from various sources. As the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the academic calendars, educational institutions around the world have been closed and about 70% of the students are engaged in the online education. Students faced various problems related to depression, poor internet activity and inconvenient home learning environment. The online education by the various e-techniques and methods has proven to a solution for colleges and universities, but still the success of online education depends on student’s perception and satisfaction level. The sudden transition from a face-to-face to virtual space causes a disruption to the students. Based on the findings of these study, the research implications for educational institutions and researchers are discussed.

Development of a remote learning educational model for international Emergency Medicine trainees in the era of COVID-19

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has pressured post-graduate medical education programs to shift from traditional in-person teaching to remote teaching and learning. Remote learning in medical education has been described in the literature mostly in the context of local in-country teaching. International remote medical education poses unique challenges for educators, especially in low-middle income countries (LMICs) who need continued Emergency Medicine (EM) specialty development. Our objective is to describe the development and implementation of our remote educational curriculum for EM trainees in West Bengal, India, and to assess trainee satisfaction with our remote learning curriculum. Methods Our curriculum was developed by adapting remote learning techniques used in Western post-graduate medical education, conducting literature searches on remote learning modalities, and through collaboration with local faculty in India. We assessed resident satisfaction in our curriculum with feedback surveys and group discussions. Results The remote educational curriculum had overall high trainee satisfaction ratings for weekly livestream video lectures and throughout our monthly educational modules (median ratings 9-10 out of a 10-point Likert scale). Qualitative feedback regarding specific lecture topics and educational modules were also received. Conclusions International remote education in LMICs poses a unique set of challenges to medical educators. Residents in our study reported high satisfaction with the curriculum, but there is a lack of clarity regarding how a remote curriculum may impact academic and clinical performance. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and academic and clinical implications of remote medical education in LMICs.

Social Media Tools for the Development of Pre-Service Health Sciences Researchers during COVID-19 in Pakistan

The development of health sciences researchers has immense significance during a pandemic to control, manage, and prevent future outbreaks of the disease. This study focused on the use of social media tools (SMT) among pre-service health sciences researchers to complement their research competencies (RCT) and research completion levels (RC) during COVID-19. This study used the Vitae research development framework (RDF) to measure research competencies as a mediator between the use of social media tools and research completion levels among post-graduate health sciences students. A cross-section survey research approach was adopted to collect data from the post-graduate students (n = 410) enrolled in health sciences departments at universities in Pakistan. The SmartPLS 3.3.8 software was used to analyze data through Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that different social media tools such as communication, information management, and multimedia have a direct influence on the research competencies of the pre-service researchers and have an indirect effect on the research completion levels. Health sciences institutions may devise social-media-based instructional strategies to develop post-graduate students’ research competencies, such as personal effectiveness, research governance, and research engagement, to help them compile their research and complete their degree program in time during an emergency.

DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

“Design Parameters for Transmission Systems” for the field of Mechanical, Production, Automobile & Mechatronics Engineering. The main purpose of this book is to discover the Design Parameters, thoughts involved in Transmission system which gather the requirements of revised Anna university syllabus in an easy way of understanding. This book is supportive to the Engineering students both under graduate and post graduate.