Hydrogen-rich water-alleviated ultraviolet-B-triggered oxidative damage is partially associated with the manipulation of the metabolism of (iso)flavonoids and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Xie ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xingliang Duan ◽  
Chen Dai ◽  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Uvb Irradiation

External administration of hydrogen gas (H2) benefits plants from multiple environmental stimuli. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of H2 in ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation are largely unexplored. Here, the biological function of H2 in the regulation of plant UVB-tolerance was investigated by using hydrogen-rich water (HRW). Results showed that the exposure of alfalfa seedlings to UVB irradiation increased endogenous H2 production. Pretreatment with HRW mimicked the UVB-induced endogenous H2 production. Corresponding UVB-triggered toxic symptoms, in terms of lipid peroxidation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the subsequent growth inhibition, were markedly mitigated. Metabolic profiling analysis by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS), identified 40 (iso)flavonoids in UVB-treated alfalfa plants, with 22 kinds was increased by HRW. These changes resulted in the alternation of (iso)flavonoids profile, with the effective promotion of isoflavone and flavanone subfamilies in particular. These compounds included afromosin, afromosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-malonate, daidzein, formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside-6ʹʹ-O-malonate, garbanzol, matteucin and naringenin. In vitro tests further showed that the HRW-modulated (iso)flavonoids profile upon UVB stress possessed advanced ROS-quenching and antioxidant capacities under our experimental conditions. Meanwhile, UVB-triggered upregulation in the transcription levels of (iso)flavonoids biosynthetic-related genes were substantially strengthened by HRW. The activities and related transcripts of representative antioxidant enzymes were also induced. Taken together, our findings indicate that HRW confers tolerance to UVB-induced oxidative damage partially by the manipulation of (iso)flavonoids metabolism and antioxidant defence in Medicago sativa L.

A Prototype Infant Incubator for Heliox Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford J. Singhaus ◽  
Suzanne M. Touch ◽  
Jay S. Greenspan ◽  
Marla R. Wolfson ◽  
Thomas H. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Opening And Closing

Abstract Heliox (Hx) gas has been shown to improve pulmonary function in infants, but methods for its delivery are invasive and problematic. To this end, we modified an Isolette (Hill-Rom Air-Shields) infant incubator (Hxl) to deliver Hx respiratory gas mixtures noninvasively while providing thermal stability for neonatal care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In vitro tests and in vivo animal studies were performed to compare the original design specifications and established baseline performance criteria for the Hxl design. The experimental environments at 50% and 80% relative humidity (RH) consisted of helium (He) with 21% and 50% O2 and control (C) of 21% and 50% O2 with the balance nitrogen (N2). Elapsed times to steady state (SS) and recovery time back to SS (OCDss) due to opening and closing the door were recorded for each variable. All rabbits survived and appeared comfortable during all experimental conditions. These data show that the newly designed Isolette provides similar thermal, O2, CO2, and RH responses as the control incubator. Based on these positive safety/efficacy studies, study of the therapeutic impact of Hxl care on neonatal growth and development is in progress.

Nonlinear Material Parameter Estimation Using Inverse Finite Element Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

Constitutive parameters for biological materials are ideally regressed against data from well-designed experiments in which the loading and boundary conditions give rise to a homogeneous region of deformation. Such conditions may exist for healthy tissue within the context of in vitro tests, but rarely are met when attempting to measure parameters physiologically or noninvasively, due to complex boundary conditions or heterogeneous material structure and properties. The ability to estimate parameters in these situations is essential in many clinically relevant studies, including determination of tendon/ligament parameters in whole knee studies, non-destructive evaluation of evolving material parameters in laboratory studies, and estimation of heterogeneous parameters due to local normal or pathologic disruptions in tissue microstructure. In such cases, computational algorithms must be used to regress material parameters for a given constitutive model against the available data, in which the experimental conditions are modeled as accurately as possible without significant regard to complexity. The work presented here is focused on development of an iterative, inverse finite element (FE) algorithm for estimation of material parameters from experimental data obtained from tests with nonlinear complexities from contact, large deformations, and constitutive models.

scholarly journals Echinacoside Alleviates UVB Irradiation-Mediated Skin Damage via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Chengtao Lu ◽  
Zhe Yu ◽  
Xiayin Wang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has been known to cause skin damage, which is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Herba Cistanches, which exhibits strong antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluate the photoprotective effect of echinacoside on UVB-induced skin damage and explore the potential molecular mechanism. BALB/c mice and HaCaT cells were treated with echinacoside before UVB exposure. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the skin damage. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured as well. Western blot was used to measure the expression of related proteins. The results revealed that pretreatment of echinacoside ameliorated the skin injury; attenuated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis caused by UVB exposure; and normalized the protein levels of ATR, p53, PIAS3, hnRNP K, PARP, and XPA. To summarize, echinacoside is beneficial in the prevention of UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of the skin in vivo and in vitro.

scholarly journals Cumulative Protective Effect of Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid against KIO3—Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Porcine Thyroid

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salt Iodization

Iodine deficiency is the main environmental factor leading to thyroid cancer. At the same time iodine excess may also contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO3), which is broadly used in salt iodization program, may increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO3 concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are effective antioxidative indoles, each of which protects against KIO3-induced LPO in the thyroid. The study aims to check if melatonin used together with IPA (in their highest achievable in vitro concentrations) reveals stronger protective effects against KIO3-induced LPO in porcine thyroid homogenates than each of these antioxidants used separately. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 0.0 mM) without/with melatonin (5 mM) or without/with IPA (10 mM) or without/with melatonin + IPA, and then, to further clarify the narrow range of KIO3 concentrations, against which melatonin + IPA reveal cumulative protective effects, the following KIO3 concentrations were used: 20; 18.75; 17.5; 16.25; 15; 13.75; 12.5; 11.25; 10; 8.75; 7.5; 0.0 mM. Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Protective effects of melatonin + IPA were stronger than those revealed by each antioxidant used separately, but only when LPO was induced by KIO3 in concentrations from 18.75 mM to 8.75 mM, corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid. In conclusion, melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid exert cumulative protective effects against oxidative damage caused by KIO3, when this prooxidant is used in concentrations close to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of these two indoles should be considered to prevent more effectively oxidative damage (and thereby thyroid cancer formation) caused by iodine compounds applied in iodine prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Standardized Edible Bird's Nest Extract Prevents UVB Irradiation-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Photoaging in the Skin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Ok-Kyung Kim ◽  
Dakyung Kim ◽  
Minhee Lee ◽  
Seong-Hoo Park ◽  
Wakana Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest

We investigated whether standardized edible bird’s nest extract (BNE-PK) can prevent ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-mediated oxidative stress and photoaging in the skin using in vitro and in vivo models. BNE-PK increased skin hydration by hyaluronic acid synthesis and activation of ceramide synthase in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, BNE-PK suppressed melanogenesis by down-regulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/MITF/TRP-1/TRP-2/tyrosinase pathway in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-treated B16F10 cells. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, BNE-PK attenuated the wrinkle formation-related JNK/c-FOS/c-Jun/MMP pathway and activated the TGF-βRI/SMAD3/pro-collagen type I pathway during UVB-mediated oxidative stress. Based on these findings, our data suggest that BNE-PK may potentially be used for the development of effective natural anti-photoaging functional foods for skin health.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Entamoeba dispar under xenic and monoxenic cultivation compared to a virulent E. histolytica

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Oliveira Costa ◽  
Maria Aparecida Gomes ◽  
Orivaldo Alves Rocha ◽  
Edward Felix Silva
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cells ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Organism Growth

Two xenic isolates and cloned cultures of Entamoeba dispar were submitted to monoxenization using Crithidia fasciculata as the associated organism. Growth in monoxenic cultivation and ability of xenic and monoxenic trophozoites to destroy VERO cells and produce lesions in hamster livers were compared to those of a virulent E. histolytica. Parental and cloned E. dispar under monoxenic cultivation showed a remarkable lower growth than the monoxenic E. histolytica and were avirulent in both in vivo and in vitro tests. When xenically cultured, trophozoites of E. dispar showed a moderate lytic activity against VERO cells (1.5 to 41.8% of destruction) but caused severe hepatic lesions in hamsters as those caused by the virulent E. histolytica (29 to 100% in prevalence and 0.86 to 4.00 in lesion degree). Although E. dispar has not been associated with invasive disease in men, the ability of xenic trophozoites to produce prominent tissue damage in experimental conditions has indicated that some strains have a considerable pathogenic potential when in presence of bacteria.

scholarly journals Pro-Oxidative Effect of KIO3 and Protective Effect of Melatonin in the Thyroid—Comparison to Other Tissues

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Compounds

Not only iodine deficiency, but also its excess may contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO3), which is broadly used in the salt iodization program, can increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO3 concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin is an effective antioxidant, which protects against KIO3-induced LPO in the thyroid. This study aimed to compare the protective effects of melatonin, used in the highest achievable in vitro concentration, against KIO3-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids in various porcine tissues (thyroid, ovary, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and small intestine). Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 (20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 0.0 mM) without/with melatonin (5 mM). The malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased the LPO in all examined tissues; in the thyroid, the damaging effect of KIO3 (10; and 7.5 mM) was lower than in other tissues and was not observed for the lowest concentration of 5 mM. Melatonin reduced LPO induced by KIO3 (10, 7.5, and 5 mM) in all tissues, and in the thyroid it was also protective against as high a concentration of KIO3 as 15 mM; the LPO level resulting from KIO3 + melatonin treatment was lower in the thyroid than in other tissues. In conclusion, the thyroid is less sensitive tothe pro-oxidative effects of KIO3 compared to other tissues. The strongest protective effect of melatonin was observed in the thyroid, but beneficial effects were significant also in other tissues. Melatonin should be considered to avoid the potential damaging effects of iodine compounds applied in iodine prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Weak UVB Irradiation Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization and Stabilizes Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yun Li ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Peng-Fei Zhang ◽  
Wen-jiang Yan ◽  
Ling-Li Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
Plaque Stability ◽  
M1 Macrophage

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic cardiovascular disease endangering human health and is one of the most common causes of myocardial infarction and stroke. Macrophage polarization plays a vital role in regulating plaque stability. As an important component of sunlight, ultraviolet B (UVB) has been proven to promote vitamin D and nitric oxide synthesis. This research used an AS model in ApoE−/− mice to study the effects of UVB on macrophage polarization and atherosclerotic plaque stability. In vitro, UVB irradiation increased arginase-I (Arg-I, M2 macrophage) and macrophage mannose receptor (CD206) expression, while the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (M1 macrophage) and CD86 was decreased. UVB promoted Akt phosphorylation in vitro. In vivo, UVB irradiation promoted the stabilization of atherosclerotic lesion plaques, while the phenotype of M2 macrophages increased. Our research provides new evidence for UVB in preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Joe Berry ◽  
Dorothy S. Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

In vitro secretion of glycocorticoids by adrenal glands pooled from several control mice was compared with that of glands removed from animals following injections of either ACTH or endotoxin. Both substances prevent glycocorticoid synthesis stimulated in vitro with ACTH. Cholesterol content of adrenal glands under these conditions was nearly depleted, indicating maximal response to ACTH or endotoxin prior to their removal for the in vitro tests. In an effort to account physiologically for the manner in which endotoxin suppresses or prevents the rise in urinary nitrogen excreted in response to ACTH, blood non-protein nitrogen levels (NPN) were determined. The following experimental conditions resulted in increased urinary nitrogen excretion but did not alter blood NPN: cortisone given alone or at the same time as endotoxin; ACTH alone; dichloroisoproterenol (DCI) given concurrently with endotoxin; and lactalbumin digest injected intraperitoneally. Increases (2- to 3-fold) in blood NPN were observed when endotoxin was given alone, concurrently with ACTH, or 3 hours prior to cortisone, DCI, or lactalbumin digest. Urinary nitrogen excretion showed no change under these conditions. The elevation in blood NPN in endotoxin-poisoned mice was found to be due almost entirely to urea nitrogen and not to amino acid nitrogen or to other nitrogenous wastes. Blood clearance of mulin, phenol red excretion, and urea elimination were each determined in control and in endotoxin-poisoned mice. The latter mice showed impaired renal function. Treatment with diuretics (diuril and aminophylline) failed to alter oliguria or elevated blood NPN. Hydergine treatment was also without effect. Total carcass NPN and urinary nitrogen excretion data were combined to give a picture of total protein catabolized by mice under different experimental conditions. Cortisone injected at the same time as endotoxin or 3 hours later resulted in the same increase in total NPN. However, in the former case all the extra nitrogen appeared in the urine while in the latter it remained in the carcass. ACTH given alone or concurrently with endotoxin produced large increases in total NPN but less in poisoned mice. This suggests that endotoxin suppresses adrenal response to ACTH. Urea injected into normal mice was recovered quantitatively in urine while in endotoxin-poisoned mice it was partitioned between carcass and urine. Elevation of carcass NPN by means of urea injections failed to alter the lethality of an LD70 dose of endotoxin.

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