Social stress-enhanced severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis is CCL2-dependent and attenuated by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri

Spontaneous preterm birth is associated with vaginal microbial dysbiosis. As certain strains of lactobacilli help restore homeostasis in non-pregnant women, the goal was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 administered orally, twice daily for 12 weeks on the vaginal microbiota, cytokines and chemokines of low-risk pregnant women. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial comparing probiotic lactobacilli to placebo daily was performed in 86 asymptomatic pregnant women who had an Intermediate or Bacterial Vaginosis Nugent score at 13 weeks. After drop outs, 32 women receiving probiotics and 34 receiving placebo completed the study. The Nugent score returned to normal in 30% of the women in both groups at 28 weeks and was maintained until 35 weeks. The majority of subjects had normal pregnancy outcomes. Ninety-three bacterial species were detected at 13 weeks, with Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae being the most abundant across pregnancy. There was no difference in the Shannon diversity index between the probiotic and placebo groups at 13, 28 or 35 weeks. Almost all subjects consumed fermented foods and many of the organisms in the vagina are also known to be present in fermented foods. Interleukin-4 in the placebo group and Interleukin-10 in both probiotic and placebo groups increased slightly at 28 weeks but were not different at 35 weeks when compared to 13 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed no adverse issues resulting from 12 week use of probiotic Lactobacillus strains GR-1 and RC-14 during pregnancy in women at low risk for premature birth. The vaginal microbiota demonstrated flux irrespective of this oral probiotic administration.

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Characterizing how probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 and lactobacillic acid mediate suppression of osteoclast differentiation

Bone Reports ◽

10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 100227

Author(s):

Darin Quach ◽

Narayanan Parameswaran ◽

Laura McCabe ◽

Robert A. Britton

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽

Lactobacillic Acid

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Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Attenuates the Stressor-Enhanced Severity of Citrobacter rodentium Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00278-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 (9) ◽

pp. 3253-3263 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Amy R. Mackos ◽

Tim D. Eubank ◽

Nicola M. A. Parry ◽

Michael T. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Citrobacter Rodentium ◽

Resistant Mouse ◽

Infectious Colitis ◽

Content Type ◽

Pathogen Challenge ◽

Probiotic Treatment

ABSTRACTStressor exposure has been shown to enhance host susceptibility and the severity of a plethora of illnesses, including gastrointestinal disease. In mice, susceptibility toCitrobacter rodentiumhas been shown to be dependent on host genetics as well as the composition of the intestinal microbiota, but the effects of stressor exposure on this gastrointestinal pathogen have not been elucidated fully. Previously, our lab showed that exposure to the prolonged-restraint stressor prior to a challenge withC. rodentiumalters the intestinal microbiota community structure, including a reduction of beneficial genera such asLactobacillus, which may contribute to stressor-enhancedC. rodentium-induced infectious colitis. To test the effects of stressor exposure onC. rodentiuminfection, we exposed resistant mice to a prolonged-restraint stressor concurrent with pathogen challenge. Exposure to prolonged restraint significantly enhancedC. rodentium-induced infectious colitis in resistant mice, as measured by increases in colonic histopathology, colonic inflammatory mediator gene production, and pathogen translocation from the colon to the spleen. It was further tested if the beneficial bacteriumLactobacillus reutericould reduce the stressor-enhanced susceptibility toC. rodentium-enhanced infectious colitis. WhileL. reuteritreatment did not reduce all aspects of stressor-enhanced infectious colitis, it did significantly reduce pathogen translocation from the colon to the spleen. Taken together, these data demonstrate the deleterious effects that prolonged stressor exposure can have at the onset of a gastrointestinal infection by its ability to render a resistant mouse highly susceptible toC. rodentium. Probiotic treatment ameliorated the systemic manifestations of stress on colonic infection.

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